Nordic Institute of Navigation E-Navigation Conference IHO and e-Nav Robert WARD

1. Nordic Institute of Navigation E-Navigation Conference IHO and e-Nav Robert WARD Director, International Hydrographic Organization

2. Formerly • Deputy Hydrographer of Australia • Chairman, IHO Technical Committee - “CHRIS” • Now: • Co-Director, International Hydrographic Organization • IHO Technical Program

3. e-Navigation - Fundamental Requirements • Robust electronic position-fixing systems • Agreed infrastructure of communications to link ship and shore • Electronic Navigation Chart (ENC) coverage of all navigational areas

4. Topics • Role of IHO • International Framework • ENC Coverage

5. Role of IHO • Coordination of activities of national HOs • Greatest possible uniformity in nautical charts and publications • Adoption of reliable and efficient methods for hydrographic surveys • Development of related sciences and techniques

6. Role of IHO • Established 1921 • 80 Member States • Recognized competent authority at UN (IMO, IOC, et cetera) • Headquarters – Monaco • Bureau Staff - 19

7. IHO – Committees • Committee on Hydrographic Requirements of Information Systems (CHRIS) • The Worldwide Electronic Navigational Chart Database (WEND) Committee • Capacity Building Committee (CBC)

8. Role of IHO • International Framework • ENC Coverage

9. SOLAS V, Regulation 9 Contracting Governments (167) undertake to: • Arrange to collect and compile hydrographic data, and to publish, disseminate and update all nautical information necessary for safe navigation • Ensure the greatest possible uniformity in charts and nautical publications • Coordinate activities and ensure global availability of hydrographic and nautical information

10. SOLAS V, Regulation 9 ….. In particular they undertake to: • Ensure that hydrographic surveys are carried out • Prepare and issue nautical charts and other nautical publications • Promulgate Notices to Mariners • Provide data management arrangements for the above services

11. SOLAS Chapter V, Regulation 19 All ships, irrespective of size, shall have: Nautical charts and nautical publications to plan and display the ship’s route for the intended voyage and to plot and monitor positions throughout the voyage; an electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) may be accepted as meeting the chart carriage requirements of this subparagraph;

12. SOLAS V, Regulation 2 Nautical chart or nautical publicationis a special-purpose map or book, ora specially compiled database from which such a map or book is derived, that is issued officially by or on the authority of a Government, authorized Hydrographic Office or other relevant government institution and is designed to meet the requirements of marine navigation*. * Refer to appropriate resolutions and recommendations of the International Hydrographic Organization concerning the authority and responsibilities of coastal States in the provision of charting in accordance with regulation 9.

13. UN Assembly ResolutionA/58/240 (2003)Oceans and the Law of the Sea Invites the International Hydrographic Organization and the International Maritime Organization to continue their coordinated efforts, to jointly adopt measures with a view to encouraging greater international cooperation and coordination for the transition to electronic nautical charts and to increase the coverage of hydrographic information on a global basis, especially in the areas of international navigation and ports where there are vulnerable or protected marine areas;

14. IMO ResolutionA/958/23 (2003)Provision of Hydrographic Services INVITES Governments, in addition to their existing obligations under SOLAS regulation V/9, to: • Promote through their national maritime administrations, the use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) together with the use and further production of official Electronic Charts (ENCs); • …..

15. UN Assembly ResolutionA/60/30 (2005)Oceans and the Law of the Sea …and recognizes also in this regard that the move towards electronic charting not only provides significantly increased benefits for safe navigation and management of ship movement, but also provides data and information that can be used for sustainable fisheries activities and other sectoral uses of the marine environment, the delimitation of maritime boundaries and environmental protection.

16. IMO - Progress • IMO developing a strategy for e-Navigation for which ENCs are an essential element • IMO has mandated the use of ECDIS onboard High Speed Craft: • New build by July 2008 • Existing HSC by July 2010 • Mandatory carriage of ECDIS for other shipping on the Agenda of NAV 54 (June 2008) • “Marine Electronic Highway” (MEH) Project for the Malacca and Singapore Straits arguably the first test-bed for e-Nav

17. Role of IHO • International Framework • ENC Coverage

18. IHO Resolution adopted at17th International Hydrographic Conference (May 2007) “Member States should adhere and comply with the WEND Principles in order for the IHO, through its Member States, and the regional and worldwide bodies in which they come together, to achieve adequate coverage, availability, consistency and quality of ENCs by 2010”

19. IHO – WEND Principle on Responsibilities • “Member States will strive to either: • a. Provide necessary ENC coverage, or • b. Agree with other States to produce necessary ENC coverage on their behalf” • IHO will address overall coverage on a regional basis through the Regional Hydrographic Commissions

20. ENC Availability (July 2007) 7155 Additional cells believed to exist ≈ 2000

21. World ENC Coverage - 2007

22. European ENC Coverage - 2007

23. Caribbean ENC Coverage - 2007

24. IHO On-line Chart Catalogue • Clear and simple presentation • Primarily aimed at showing available ENCs • In response to request from IMO • Show if/what paper charts required to be carried as a backup for ECDIS • Show availability of raster charts where ENCs are not available

25. IHO On-line Chart Catalogue

26. ENC Availability • DNV Report 2007-0304 – Effect of ENC Coverage on ECDIS Risk Reduction suggests 85% – 96% ENC coverage by 2010

27. ENC Production Hurdles • Lack of suitable data – some paper charts are not easily converted to ENCs • Satellite datums • Low government priorities / awareness • optional versus mandatory requirement for ENCs • ignorance of SOLAS V/9 • Limited in-country resources • money • technical expertise • ENCs are more difficult to verify and quality assure • “ ..issued by, or on the authority of a government, etc ….. ”

28. Extraordinary Meeting of WEND Committee • 30 October 2007 – IHB Monaco ….. “ to ensure adequate ENC coverage by 2010 ”

29. Concluding Comments • ENCs will be fundamental to e-Nav • The IHO is committed to ensuring adequate global ENC coverage • There is already good coverage of ENCs for many routes • A mandatory carriage requirement for ECDIS will further stimulate the production of ENCs • IHO is committed to supporting the IMO e-Nav initiative

30. Thank you for your attention robert.ward@ihb.mc