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The Case For Physical Activity

The Case For Physical Activity. Kim Ferrier Lead Physiotherapist, GCWMS November, 2013. The plan!. Inactivity Physical activity advice and recommendations Physical activity strategy Barriers/Solutions. Hippocrates (400 BC) (“father of medicine”).

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The Case For Physical Activity

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  1. The Case For Physical Activity Kim Ferrier Lead Physiotherapist, GCWMS November, 2013

  2. The plan! • Inactivity • Physical activity advice and recommendations • Physical activity strategy • Barriers/Solutions

  3. Hippocrates (400 BC)(“father of medicine”) “Eating alone will not keep a man well; he must also exercise. For food and exercise, while possessing opposite qualities, yet work together to produce health”

  4. CHARTERED SOCIETY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY SURVEY 2,042 ADULTS REVEALED, • 17% WOULD RATHER VISIT THEIR INLAWS OR WATCH PAINT DRY THAN EXERCISE • 40% ENJOYED EXERCISE • 43% RECOGNISED THE NEED FOR EXERCISE EVEN IF THEY DID NOT ENJOY IT Optimum research on behalf of CSP. www.netdoctor.co.uk

  5. The Impact of inactivity? • In 2008, the World Health Organisation ( WHO) estimated that 3.2 million deaths per year could be attributed to low physical activity levels. (17% of premature deaths in the UK) • Being inactive shortens lifespan by 3-5 years (Lancet, 2012)

  6. Costs of inactivity? • Physical inactivity is the 4th leading risk factor for global mortality (6% of deaths globally). Start active, Stay active, 2011 • Physical inactivity increases the risk of developing coronary heart disease two fold. Cardiac rehabilitation 57, SIGN guidelines • The estimated direct cost of physical inactivity to the UK is £1.06 billion. Start active, stay active, 2011

  7. Modern day Gym?where most people get their exercise Watson, R. and Benelam, B. (2012), Physical activity: the latest on its contribution to energy balance and health. Nutrition Bulletin, 37: 78–85. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2011.01953.x

  8. Sedentary Behaviour sedentary adjective 1. characterized by or requiring a sitting posture: a sedentary occupation. 2. accustomed to sit or rest a great deal or to take little exercise. 3. Chiefly Zoology . a. abiding in one place; not migratory. b. pertaining to animals that move about little or are permanently attached to something, as a barnacle. • In Scotland, reported sedentary leisure time was similar for men and women - 5.5/5.4 weekdays and 6.1/5.1 mean hours at weekends. This varied with age. (Scottish Health Survey, 2012)

  9. If current trends continue... • it is estimated that by 2020 the average British citizen is expected to become so sedentary they will expend only 25% more energy per day then if they spent the whole day sleeping.... (Walking works, 2013).

  10. Sedentary behaviour and NutritionStuart Biddle, Professor of Physical Activity & Health,Loughborough University • Walking, sitting or lying <1.6 Mets • Studies show clear associations between sedentary behaviour (usual screen time, and often TV viewing) and elements of a less healthy diet including – • lower fruit and vegetable consumption • higher consumption of energy-dense snacks, drinks and fast foods • higher total energy intake • Strength of associations: small-to-moderate

  11. Steady decline in walking • 1975: 255 miles/year = 255,500 kcals • 2003: 192 miles/year = 192,00 kcals • Loss of 63,000 kcals per year (= 18lbs of fat) • Loss of 173 kcals/day • Add 175 kcals/day lost at work since 1960 • 345 kcals/day lost but not from lack of sport or exercise Fox and Hilston 2007, Obesity reviews Sup 1. 115-121.

  12. Exercise the “F. I.T. T.” way Number of bouts of physical activity per week F = frequency I = intensity T = time T = type How much exertion/energy used The length of time in which an activity or activity is performed What specific activity

  13. Rating of Perceived Exertion 0 no exertion at all 0.5 extremely weak (just noticeable) 1 Very weak (light) 2 Weak (light) 3 Moderate (3-6 METS) 4 5 Strong 6 7 Very strong 8 9 10 Extremely strong * 6 no exertion at all 7 extremely light 8 9 very light 10 11 light 12 13 somewhat hard (moderate) 14 15 Hard (>6METS) 16 17 very hard 18 19 extremely hard 20 maximal exertion

  14. Warm Up To prepare the muscular, nervous, cardiac, respiratory and vascular systems for the main workout • Minimum 15 minutes (ACPICR, 2003) • 10 - 11 RPE original scale • (> or = 3 modified scale)

  15. Other Purposes of Warm up • Welcome  apprehension • Motivate • Reinforce good posture/ exercise technique and safety

  16. Cool down • 10 minutes of movements of diminishing intensity and stretching •  risk of hypotension, arrhythmias, angina • baroreceptor reflex

  17. Scotland’s physical activity strategy

  18. Scotland's strategy 2022 targetRecommended levels of physical activity 50% of adults will be achieving 5x 30mins (moderate activity) & 80% of children will be achieving 1 hour per day (At least moderate activity) Need to increase physical activity by 1% per year across population

  19. Scottish Health Survey, 2012 The proportions of men and women aged 16 and over meeting the physical activity recommendations is 62% 67% men 58% women There were considerable differences in the proportions meeting the recommendations by age.

  20. SOME of the benefits of regular physical activity • 30% reduction in all cause mortality • 20-35% lower risk of CVD, CHD and stroke • 30-40% lower risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes • Consistent effect on achieving weight maintenance (< 3% change in weight) • Risk reduction of hip fracture 36-68%, 30% less falls • 30% lower risk of colon cancer and 20% lower risk of breast cancer

  21. MOOD! • The Royal College of Psychiatrists recommends exercise as a treatment for depression in adults. • SIGN national clinical guideline for non-pharmaceutical management of depression states that structured exercise programmes may be an option for depressed people. Scottish Health Survey 2012 • Active adults 30% less likely to feel distressed and are 30% more likely to experience enhanced wellbeing than inactive adults. Walking works, 2013

  22. Start Active, Stay ActiveA report on physical activity for health from the 4 home countries’ Chief Medical Officers, July 2011 • New UK guidelines tailored to 4 specific age groups • Children under 5 • Children and young people aged 5-18 • Adults aged 19-64 • Adults aged 65 and over (Based on WHO guidance, 2010)

  23. Start Active, Stay ActiveAdults age 19-64 • Should be active daily • 150 minutes, moderate intensity, bouts of 10 minutes – one way to approach this is 30 minutes 5/7 • Alternatively, comparable benefits can be achieved through 75 minutes of vigorous activity spread across the week, or a combination of moderate and vigorous activity • Adults should undertake physical activity to improve muscle strength on 2/7 • Adults should minimise sedentary time

  24. Physical activity advice for adults 45-60 minutes of moderate intensity activity per day to prevent the development of obesity. People who have been obese and have managed to lose weight may need to do 60-90 minutes' activity a day in order to avoid regaining weight. At least 5 a week. A report from the CMO. 2004.

  25. SIGN 115: Management of Obesity Physical Activity Recommendations Overweight and obese individuals should be prescribed a volume of physical activity equal to approximately 1,800-2,500 kcal/week. This corresponds to approximately 225-300 min/week of moderate intensity physical activity (which may be achieved through five sessions of 45-60 minutes per week, or lesser amounts of vigorous physical activity).

  26. SIGN 115: Management of Obesity, 2009 Advocate overweight or obese individuals should be supported to undertake increased physical activity as part of a weight management program.(1) Prescription of activity alone is not effective – prescription only results in significantly greater weight loss when participants received additional support i.e. family members, monetary incentives.

  27. Question? What % of Britons would exercise if their life depended on it? 38% What % of Britons find exercise fun? 4% Data: British Heart Foundation survey (17 Sept 2007), conducted by YouGov, N = 2100

  28. Most common barriers… Pain! Lack of motivation – “poor health” isn’t necessarily a driver Past experience Self confidence/self esteem PCOS/Cardiac/DM/PF Social circumstances Fatigue (sleepapnoea?)

  29. Where to start? sedentary behaviour • Increase opportunistic behaviour • Initiate structured activity plan • Increase frequency of activity program • Increase duration of activity program • Increase intensity of activity program

  30. Solutions?? • Buddy systems • Motivational interviewing – Incentive V’s confidence = adherence to goal • Reward scheme • Telephone/email support • Tailored exercise programme suited to level of ability to gain confidence and self esteem

  31. Doctors to lead by example??? • The % of physicians who engage in the recommended amount of exercise is only 25%. • Doctors who exercise on a regular basis are more likely to recommend healthy lifestyle habits to their patients compared with physically inactive physicians. (American Journal of Health Promotion, May/June 2011, Vol 25, No 5). • A face to face pole of 167 London GP’s in 2012 found that not a single one of them knew the CMO recommendations. (Intelligent health, Long term conditions: My best move project report, 2012 – Walking works).

  32. Health Survey for England, 2012 “It appears to have been no significant change in levels of physical activity since they were last measured in 2008, suggesting that to date there is no sign of the hoped for physical activity legacy of the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics”

  33. 2014 Commonwealth Games ‘Once in generation’ opportunity. • Encourages people in Scotland to become more physically active in run up to 2014 Games and beyond. • A cultural shift to improve the nations health. • “Active nation” is a key programme within the Games Legacy Plan.

  34. Contact details Kim Ferrier, Lead Physiotherapist Glasgow & Clyde Weight Management Service Mansionhouse Unit, 100 Mansionhouse Road, Glasgow, G41 3DX Telephone: 0141 201 6115/6361 E-mail kim.ferrier@ggc.scot.nhs.uk www.nhsggc.org.uk/gcwms

  35. References • SIGN. SIGN Management of Obesity. A National Clinical Guideline Draft. 2009 • NICE. NICE Guideline on Management of Obesity. 2006 • Sattar, N, Lean M. Management: Part 1 Behavioural change, diet and activity. 2006. BMJ, 333, 740-743. • Foresight-Tackling obesities, future choices, Project report 2nd edition Government Office for science.2008. • Scottish Health Survey, 2011, September, Volume 1, Chapter 6, Physical activity. • Start Active, Stay Active, Department of health, physical activity, health improvement and protection, 2011. • Walking works – overview Ramblers and Macmillian Cancer Support. • Scottish Health Survey, 2012, September, Volume 1, Main report, Chapter 6, Physical activity.

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