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The Heart-Lung Machine

The Heart-Lung Machine. Amanda Junkins Nov. 20, 2012 BME 281 University of Rhode Island. Overview. Heart-Lung Machine – blood pumping machine that takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery (i.e. open-heart surgery)

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The Heart-Lung Machine

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  1. The Heart-Lung Machine Amanda Junkins Nov. 20, 2012 BME 281 University of Rhode Island

  2. Overview • Heart-Lung Machine – blood pumping machine that takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery (i.e. open-heart surgery) • Most commonly used to perform a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) • CPB allows for the heart to stop beating, which makes it easier to operate on, and surgeons can operate in a blood-free area

  3. Brief History • Mid 1930s – the heart-lung machine, first known as a perfusion pump, was created by Dr. Alexis Carrel and Charles Lindbergh • 1953 – Dr. John H. Gibbons, Jr. was credited with developing the first clinically successful heart-lung pump • Since its creation, advancements of the heart- lung pump have been considered big steps in developing open-heart surgery, organ transplant, and the artificial heart.

  4. Current Methods • Composed of: a chamber that receives all the blood from the body (right atrium of the heart), pumps that move the blood through an oxygenator (right ventricle),oxygenator removes the carbon dioxide and adds oxygen to the blood (lungs) • Machine continues by pumping the oxygenated blood back to the body (left atrium and ventricle) using a series of tubes • The heart-lung machine itself is operated by perfusionists during surgery, and at the end of an operation, the surgeon gradually lets the patient’s heart resume its normal functions • Results: the ability of a surgeon to perform an open-heart surgery in a blood-free zone while the heart is not beating • CPB allows for supporting the circulation of the blood; induce total body hypothermia, where the body can be maintained for up to 45 minutes without perfusion (blood flow)

  5. Limitations and Future • If blood flow were to be stopped at normal body temperature, permanent brain damage will occur in just a few minutes, followed by almost certain death shortly after. • “Pumphead” syndrome – some effects can include defects to attention, concentration, short term memory, and fine motor function • Allows for medications and anesthetics to be administered directly into the blood, adding them to the blood in the heart-lung reservoir, arriving immediately to the patient • The clear advantage - allow doctors to operate in a blood-free area, should contribute to less surgical error • In the future, the heart-lung pump will hopefully become portable, allowing for paramedics to aid heart attack patients on the scene • The device will be further developed to allow for less brain damage after the surgery.

  6. Sources • "Alexis Carrel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Carrel>. • "Cardiopulmonary bypass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_bypass>. • DeBakey, Michael. "John Gibbon and the heart-lung machine: a personal encounter and his import for cardiovascular surgery -- DeBakey 76 (6): S2188 -- The Annals of Thoracic Surgery." The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. Web. <http://ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/76/6/S2188>. • "Heart-Lung Machine." Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. USC cardiothoracic Surgery, Web. <http://www.cts.usc.edu/zglossary-heartlungmachine.html>. • Levinson, Mark. "Leaning Ctr : The Heart-Lung Machine." Heart Surgery Forum. Web. <http://www.hsforum.com/stories/storyReader$1486>.

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