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Treaty of Versailles and the Outbreak of WWII

Explore how the Treaty of Versailles set conditions that led to the outbreak of WWII, including the dissolution of the League of Nations and harsh reparations imposed on Germany. Learn about the leaders in power and the ideologies of fascist Germany, Italy, and Japan. Discover the role of appeasement and the events leading up to the invasion of Poland.

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Treaty of Versailles and the Outbreak of WWII

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  1. WWII Appeasement

  2. In what way did the Treaty of Versailles establish conditions that led to the outbreak of WWII? • A. It called for dissolving the League of Nations, thus removing an organization for resolving future conflicts • B. It gave Germany too much power by letting Germany keep the Alsace-Lorraine region of France • C. It weakened the Allied countries by making France, England and Russia reduce the size of their armies • D. It imposed harsh reparations payments on Germany, which led to economic and political instability

  3. Leaders in Power Great Britain- Neville Chamberlain France- Edouard Daladier Soviet Union- Joseph Stalin Communist Italy- Benito Mussolini Fascist Germany- Adolph Hitler Fascist

  4. Germany • National Socialist German Worker’s Party • Nazi Party • Fascism: extreme nationalism with racism • Wanted Germany to expand and NOT abide by the Treaty of Versailles • Adolph Hilter • writes Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”) • by 1932 the Nazi Party takes control of the Reichstag • 1933 Hitler is appointed Chancellor • 1934 Hitler becomes president • Der Fuhrer

  5. Italy • In 1919 Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in Italy • exploited Italians fear of communism • Fascist militia- Blackshirts • threatened to march on Rome • cabinet resigns and king appoints Mussolini premier • quickly sets up a dictatorship • ll Duce- “The Leader” • In 1936 Hitler and Mussolini form the Berlin-Rome Axis

  6. Japan • Economic problems • Believed Japan was destined to dominate East Asia • In September 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria • Japanese prime minister was assassinated when he tried to stop the war • Led by Emperor Hirohito and General Hideki Tojo (Prime Minister 1941-1944)

  7. United States • President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) • Democracy • Want to remain neutral at first

  8. Soviet Union • Vladimir Lenin led the Communist Party After the Russian Revolution • In 1922 Russian territories become the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • Lenin died in 1924 and power struggle began between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin • By 1926 Stalin is the new dictator

  9. Began Five-Year Plans to industrialize • Family farms were turned into collectives- government owned farms • Between 1932-1933 10 million peasants died • Stalin targeted political enemies, artists, intellectuals • used concentration camps (Gulags) in the Arctic • between 8-10 million people died by 1953

  10. France • Edouard Daladier- Prime Minister at the beginning of the war • Replaced in 1940 by Paul Reynaud • Charles DeGualle led the “Free French” forces • Becomes leader after the war

  11. Great Britain • Neville Chamberlain is Prime Minister at the beginning of the war • Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister in 1940

  12. Exit Slip • Which nations did dictators govern in the years after WWI?

  13. Answer • Italy • USSR • Germany

  14. Which would be the most credible primary source about conditions in Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust? • A. a novel set in a concentration camp • B. an account of camp life by a survivor of a concentration camp • C. a 1942 movie produced by the German government depicting concentration camp activities • D. a film about the camps directed by a person whose parents were in a concentration camp

  15. Starter • What type of government considered the nation more important than the individual? • A. dictatorship • B. monarchy • C. fascism • D. democracy

  16. Dr. Seuss Political Cartoon

  17. Appeasement • Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict

  18. Rhineland Hitler invaded on March 9, 1936 Treaty of Versailles had banned the German military from the region German military was not prepared for a fight France and Great Britain did nothing 1936 Hitler and Mussolini formed an Berlin-Rome Axis

  19. Austria March 1938 Hitler annexed Austria Britain and France only protested

  20. Sudetenland Was part of Germany After WWII it became part of Czechoslovakia Hitler decides he wants the territory back because of large German population Sudeten-German Party is formed in 1935

  21. First Meeting In September of 1938 Neville Chamberlain met with Hitler Hitler threatened to invade Czechoslovakia unless Britain supported Hitler’s plan to take over the Sudetenland Chamberlain would not accept the plan

  22. Munich Conference September 29, 1938 Attended by Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy Chamberlain and Daladier agree to Hitler’s plan to prevent war October 29, 1938 the German Army enters Czechoslovakia

  23. Appeasement Policy of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Thought by agreeing to the demands of Hitler and Mussolini he could avoid another war Appeasement would end by 1939 when Hitler invades the rest of Czechoslovakia

  24. Poland On March 31, 1939 Great Britain and France pledged to support Poland Hitler signed a treaty with the Soviet Union No longer had to worry about the Soviets Invaded Poland on September 1, 1939 Two days later Great Britain and France declared war on Germany

  25. Exit Slip • How did events after WWI lead to dictatorships?

  26. Answer • Many nations were dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles, and a worldwide financial depression made people desperate.

  27. Starter • Which factor encouraged an American policy of neutrality during the 1930s? • A. disillusionment with WWI and its results • B. decline in the military readiness of other nations • C. repeal of prohibition • D. economic prosperity of the time period

  28. Nazi-Soviet Pact Aug 23, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact -Hitler and Stalin agree that if Hitler invades Poland they will split it half Germany takes the Western half Soviet Union takes the Eastern half

  29. Blitzkrieg Military tactic “Lightning War” Use tanks, artillery, and soldiers moving by truck and quickly taking Poland Poland collapses in a month War stalls for a period— “Phony War”

  30. Continued Attacks April 9, 1940 Hitler attacks Denmark and Norway May 10, 1940 Hitler attacks Belgium, Netherlands, and France June 14, 1940 Germans reached Paris and France surrendered In 3 months Hitler conquered most of Western Europe

  31. Vichy Government in France • Puppet government set up by Germany in the town of Vichy • Marshal Philippe Petain is the leader • Officially neutral in the war, but helped the Nazis • U.S. recognized the Vichy government • Charles de Gualle led the Free French forces from England and the colony of Algiers • Worked with Allies to free France

  32. Battle of Britain 1,000 planes a day attacked Britain Royal Air Force (RAF) kept them away December 1940 Germany began bombing London and started 1,500 fires “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few”- Churchill Attacks ended in 1941 20,000 had been killed and 73,000 injured

  33. Starter • What did Hitler call Germany’s quick air strikes? • A. Blitzkrieg • B. Kristallnacht • C. Anchluss • D. gestapo

  34. American Response- Isolationism

  35. Isolationism • A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

  36. Neutrality Acts Americans were disillusioned by WWI Many thought the U.S. had enough of its own problems From 1935-1939 Congress passes a series of Neutrality Acts U.S. would withhold weapons and loans from all nations at war All nonmilitary goods sold to them had to be transported by them “Cash and Carry” Policy

  37. Neutrality Act of 1939 Allowed France and Great Britain to buy weapons from the U.S. on a cash-and-carry basis Later allowed them to be transported on U.S. merchant ships

  38. Involvement Grows September 1940 FDR traded 50 destroyers to Britain for the ability to build permanent bases on British territory Selective Service Act (1940)- required all males 21-36 to register for the draft

  39. Lend-Lease Act March 1941 Allowed the president to aid any country or nation whose defense was vital to America’s security “Great arsenal of democracy”

  40. Atlantic Charter • Aug. 1941 • Churchill and Roosevelt • Agreement that committed both to a postwar world of democracy, non-aggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas

  41. Roosevelt developed a “shoot-on-sight” policy toward German submarines • by the end of 1941 several U.S. destroyers had been fired upon • the Reuben James sank, killing 115

  42. Exit Slip • Why did many American support isolationism?

  43. Answer • They felt that remaining apart from European conflicts would avoid another war.

  44. Starter • With which country did Germany sign a non-aggression pact? • A. Czechoslovakia • B. Austria • C. Soviet Union • D. All of the above

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