Warm-up

1. Warm-up • Copy HW • Please grab a packet from the front desk and complete the preview question. • Please make these page 20-22. • Please be prepared to share your answer in 3 minutes

2. Essential Questions • How has the relationship between citizens and their government changed? • How can societies use what they learn from the past?

3. Primary Source Document • From Emperor Han Wu Di: Heroes wanted! A Proclamation Exceptional work demands exceptional men….We therefore command the various district officials to search for men of brilliant and exceptional talents, to be our generals, our ministers, and our envoys to distant states.

4. Guided Reading Activity • Please read pages 182-187 • Answer the questions in your packet that match each section • Remember to ask questions if you are having trouble with the text!

5. 15.2 Government of Imperial China • 1. People can overthrow an emperor when he rules badly. • 2. A bureaucracyis an organized group of government officials. When the bureaucracy became corrupt, people suffered from high taxes, forced labor, and attacks by bandits. Warlordswho opposed the emperor fought with one another. The government grew weak and was not able to protect people. • 3. When the Han dynasty fell, China broke into separate kingdoms. It was reunited by the Sui dynasty.

6. 15.3 Aristocracy: The Tang Dynasty • 1. Scholar-officials were scholars who were given government jobs only after passing a civil service examinationto prove they were qualified. • 2. The examination was mainly based on the teachings of Confucius. • 3. Only the wealthy could afford the tutors, books, and study time needed to prepare for the exams.

7. Confucius • Confucius (551–479 BCE) • Teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher • Emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. • His followers competed successfully with many other schools during the Hundred Schools of Thought era only to be suppressed in favor of the Legalists during the Qin Dynasty

8. 15.4 Meritocracy: The Song Dynasty • 1. Government officials who had studied Confucius would be rational, moral, and able to maintain order. • 2. People from lower classes were also allowed to become government officials by attending state-supported local schools and could go on to the university to become scholars. • 3. People wanted these jobs because government officials were respected and enjoyed privileges, such as being excused from taxes and military service.

9. 15.5 Government by Foreigners Mongol Rule • 1. He did not believe that Confucian learning was needed for government jobs, and he did not want to rely on the Chinese to run his government. • 2. He appointed relatives, other Mongols, and trusted foreigners. • 3. Chinese scholars worked only as teachers and minor government officials.

10. 15.6 The Revival of the Civil Service System Hiring Scholar-Officials Helped China Hiring Scholar-Officials Hurt China stood in the way of progress by not teaching and testing knowledge of science, mathematics, or engineering Confucian scholars had little respect for merchants, business, and trade; trade and business were not encouraged. Bureaucrats became set in their ways • provided a well-organized government • education of scholar-officials emphasized rational, moral behavior, justice, kindness, loyalty to the emperor, proper conduct, and the importance of family • values helped unify China • gave poor men who were ambitious and hardworking the chance to be government officials • ensured that officials were trained and talented, not merely rich, or related to the emperor

11. Good Luck on your Civil Service Exam!

12. Civil Service Exam: Answer Key! • Emperor • Imperial • Dynasty • Mandate of Heaven • Bureaucracy • Irrigation • Aristocracy • Civil Service Exams • Meritocracy • Confucius • Lower-classes • Mongols • Kublai Khan • Moral behavior, justice kindness, loyalty to the emperor, proper conduct, and the importance of family. • Pacific