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CLASSIFICATION

Learn about taxonomy, the methods of grouping organisms, and the seven levels of scientific classification. Discover the history and significance of binomial nomenclature and how it helps avoid confusion. Explore the six kingdoms of classification and their defining characteristics.

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CLASSIFICATION

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  1. CLASSIFICATION • methods of grouping things according to similarities or differences. Ex. by size, color, age, etc.

  2. Classifying organisms is calledtaxonomy. - started by Aristotle in 350 BC. • Many disagreements about the groupings: • by air? • by sea? • by land? Where to put frogs? Geese?

  3. Today’s system is called binomial nomenclature (two-name naming) - created by Carolus Linnaeus. Ex. Canis lupus Ex. Canis familiaris

  4. Latin was used by scientists and scholars in the 1700’s. • used today to avoid the confusion of using many different languages. Ex. Spanish moss - not Spanish - not moss

  5. The Latin names are an organism’s genus species. Genus grouping Canis familiaris Species grouping Always lower case. Most precise “smallest” Can produce offspring Always capitalized Both italicized

  6. Other examples: Homo sapiens sapiens Felis domesticus Bison bison Acer rubrum ‘red maple’

  7. CLASSIFICATION CATEGORIES • there are seven different levels of scientific classifications. • it becomes more exact/specific as you “move down”. Ex. Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus

  8. Kingdom Animal Phylum Chordate Class Mammal Order Cetacea Family Delphinadae Genus Tursiops Species truncatus Kings Play Chess On Funny Green Squares.

  9. Six Kingdom Classification • Kingdom Animal • are multicellular. • can move from place to place. • cannot make their own food.

  10. Kingdom Plant • make their own food through photosynthesis. • can be large (redwoods) or unicellular (plankton)

  11. Kingdom Fungi -can not move. - can not make their own food. - absorb food from dead material. Ex. mushrooms, mold, yeast.

  12. 4) Kingdom Protist -most are unicellular. - have traits of both plants and animals. Ex. Euglena - can move but it has chloroplasts.

  13. 5) Kingdom Eubacteria Ex. strep. 6) Kingdom Archebacteria Ex. stromatolites • both are prokaryotic. • unicellular. • Archebacteria are ‘older’ and more primitive and can live in harsh conditions. The difference between them is their chemical make-up.

  14. These kingdoms were formed when Kingdom Monera was split into two.

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