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26:1 Origins of the Cold War. U.S. v. U.S.S.R. Capitalism v. Communism Democracy v. communism Nonaggression Pact Delay in Western Europe Attack Atomic Bomb. United Nations. 1945 NYC Superpowers use UN to promote own agenda Security Council v. General Assembly.
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U.S. v. U.S.S.R • Capitalism v. Communism • Democracy v. communism • Nonaggression Pact • Delay in Western Europe Attack • Atomic Bomb
United Nations • 1945NYC • Superpowers use UN to promote own agenda • Security Council v. General Assembly
Harry S. Truman33rd President • FDR April 12, 1945 • Clueless but decisive
Potsdam ConferenceBig Three • Truman, Stalin, Churchill/Attlee • Issues • Eastern European elections • Free trade
Satellite Nations • Buffer zone • Raw materials/market for goods
Cold War 1945-1991 • Europe Divided • Truman foreign policy: containment • Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech
Truman Doctrine • Containment • Greek Civil War • Turkey • $400 million
Marshall Plan • Conditions in Europe • 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall • $13 billion to 16 countries • Western Europe and US economies flourished
German Reunification • Allies combine western zones • Berlin blockade
Berlin Airlift • Operation Vittles • Stats • Supplies • effects
Federal Republic of GermanyWest Germany German Democratic Republic East Germany
NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization • Defensive military alliance • U.S. peacetime military alliance
China • U.S. Chiang Kai-shek/ Nationalists • weaknesses
China • U.S.S.R. Mao Zedong/ Communists • strengths
China’s Civil War • U.S. sent $3 billion-no troops-Containment fails! • 2 Chinas • Nationalist China-Taiwan • People’s Republic of China
South KoreaRepublic of Korea • U.S. occupied south of 38th parallel • Seoul
North KoreaPeople’s Republic of Korea • USSR-north of 38th parallel • Kim Il sung • Pyongyang
Korean War 1950-1953 • June 25, 1950 North invades South • United Nations • Soviet Veto? • General MacArthur-US led UN Coalition
Northern Advances • Cross 38th • Take Seoul • Push to Pusan
MacArthur’s Counterattack • Inchon Landing • Push north from Pusan • Trapped ½ north Korean army • N. Korean army retreats across 38th
UN/US troops advance into North Korea • Cross the 38th?? • Push to the Yalu River
China enters Korean War • 300,000 cross the Yalu • Push UN/US back across the 38th • Seoul • Who is fighting who???
1951 Stalemate • General Mac Arthur’s plan to end the stalemate-attack China • Blockade • Nukes • Invasion • Implications
MacArthur v. Truman • Limited war in Korea • No war against China • MacArthur undermines Truman’s authority • MacArthur fired • “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away”
Armistice in Korea • 38th parallel • DMZ at the 38th • Costs • 54,000 • $67 billion • Success????
North v. South Korea today South: 48 million 27,700/year 57 TV stations 300,000 internet hosts North: 22 million 1,800/year 4 TV stations 3 internet hosts
United States of America 307 million $47,500 2,218 TV stations 383 million internet hosts