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The Life and Times of Samuel, Saul, and David

The Life and Times of Samuel, Saul, and David. Lesson #9: Jonathan and David's Loyalty I Sm. 20: - 21:15 “For whatever things were written before were written for our learning, that we through the patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope.” (Romans 15:4)

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The Life and Times of Samuel, Saul, and David

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  1. The Life and Times of Samuel, Saul, and David Lesson #9: Jonathan and David's Loyalty I Sm. 20: - 21:15 “For whatever things were written before were written for our learning, that we through the patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope.” (Romans 15:4) “Now all these things happened to them as examples, and they were written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the ages have come.”(I Corinthians 10:11)

  2. Introduction • Jonathan was a proven faithful servant of God. • He was raised in a dysfunctional family. • He was a valiant warrior and sought God (14:1-23). • He demonstrated his love for David in his respect and recognition of David and his gifts. • David and Jonathan were “knit together” by “love” (18:1-4). • Jonathan and David establish a covenant to prove Saul’s intent. • Jonathan’s deception by his father was confirmed. • Saul became furious and tried to kill Jonathan. • Saul determined to pursue and kill David. • Ahimelech, the priest, helped David and gave him holy bread and Goliath’s sword. • David fled to Gath, the land of the Philistines (enemies). • David resorted to insane behavior to stay alive. • David was one step away from death, but God was with him.

  3. Discussion Questions • What was David seeking (I Sm. 20:1)? • Answers to questions like, “What wrong he had done?” “Why do I deserve death?” “Why am I facing unjustified persecution?” • Samuel had questions like, “Who have I defrauded?” “Who have I oppressed?” When did I take a bribe from?” (12:3) • Why am I being persecuted, Lord? “Light exposes darkness” (Jh. 3:19-21). • If I am in sin, then kill me (20:8). • “Lord is it I?” (Mt. 26:22) We must “examine ourselves” (II Co. 13:5).

  4. Discussion Questions • What was Jonathan's reaction to his father's determination to kill David (I Sm. 20:2, 13)? • Jonathan assumes God was with his father (20:13). • It can’t be true because my father would tell me (19:4-6). • Jonathan would report the danger if he knew, but he seemed to be deceived and or naïve. • He was committed to protect and defend David. He tried to assure David. • Punishment of Saul would be upon Jonathan, if he failed to meet his commitment to David.

  5. Discussion Questions • What covenant was made between David and Jonathan (I Sm. 20:3-16)? • David knows Saul deceived Jonathan (20:3-4). • Monthly festive/sacrifice times occurred for families (Nu. 28:11) and David was a part (20:6). • David’s plan was for Jonathan to discover the truth and report it to him (20:12-13). • The covenant is made (20:16). • Kindness continues, and enemies would punish David if he fails to keep the covenant (20:14-16).

  6. Discussion Questions • Lesson to Learn: A covenant governs our relationship with God and man. (Mal. 2:10-16; Ge. 12:1-3; Dt. 5:28-29; Joah. 24:19-25; Jer. 31:31-34; Lk. 22:19-20; II Co. 3:4-11; Hb. 9:11-15; Jh. 15:14; Pr. 6:1-3; 17:17; 27:6-10; 18:24; 22:24-26; Ps. 41:9) • Proverbs provides governing qualities of friendships such as humility, watching words, being friendly, love always even during adversity, trust, respect, etc. • “Make no friends with an angry person.” Why? (I Co. 14:33). • God’s covenant with mankind is to save us, if we trust, love, and obey. Covenants include Abraham, Joshua, etc. • The new covenant is established upon better promises through the shedding of Jesus’ own blood. • Observing the Lord’s Supper reminds us of our eternal inheritance and the new covenant.

  7. Discussion Questions • Describe the love between David and Jonathan (I Sm. 18:1-4; 20:3, 17-18, 34, 41)? • Love is endures. The time came to show kindness to Jonathan’s son, Mephibosheth (II Sm. 9:3, 7). • They were “knit together” by “love” (18:1-4, 17). • They loved each other “as their own soul.” • Qualities demonstrated in the friendship include humility, respect, trust, honesty, gentle, commitment, rejoicing, weeping, tough/true love, serve each other, secrets, etc. • They missed being with each other and thought about each other often – “…you will be missed, because your seat will be empty” (20:18).

  8. Discussion Questions • Lesson To Learn:We are to love others as our own souls. (Ga. 6:1-5; Ep. 5:28-33; I Co. 12:12-31; Mt. 25:31-46; Lk. 10:25-37; Ro. 12:3, 9-21; Ep. 4:15-16) • We are to “bear one another’s burdens.” Example include a brother in sin, saving others, etc.). • Husbands are to “love their own wives as their own bodies.” • Christians have a duty to serve one another by visiting the sick, prison, feed hungry, etc. • Members of the church function like a human body. • We are to “speak the truth in love” and show our concern by “edifying” others. • We are to show the same “compassion” as Jesus and the good Samaritan.

  9. Discussion Questions • Lesson to Learn:Loved ones are missed when they are not in their appointed place because of love, friendship, faith, encouragement, dependability, and help in time of need. (I Sm. 20:18; Hb. 10:25; Ps. 122:1; Pr. 18:24; Ga. 6:2, 10; I Th. 5:14-15; Tit. 3:1; Ro. 12:9-18) • We look forward to being with each other in worship, studying the Bible together, praying with each other, etc. • Show love and joy for spiritual things – “I was glad when they said to me, Let’s go into the house of the Lord.” • When we do not see people at worship, “How do we show we care?” • It is encouraging to see others to living right. • Let’s follow Jesus example in serving one another (Jh. 13).

  10. Discussion Questions • What was the communication plan regarding the oath (I Sm. 20:18-23, 35-40)? • Hide at the stone of Ezel, and a lad goes to find them (20:19). • Arrows (3) were the code of the field (20:20-23). 3 arrows shot at a side (safe) or beyond (harm).

  11. Discussion Questions • Why was Saul furious at Jonathan (I Sm. 20:24-34)? • 1st day Saul thought David did something that made him unclean (Lev. 11:24, 25, 27, 31-32). • 2nd day Saul inquired of Jonathan and he said David went to sacrifice and feast with his family. • Saul was furious (20:30), not because of Jonathan’s message, but because he was aware of the friendship between Jonathan and David. • Out of anger, Saul falsely accused Jonathan of perversion and rebellion. He threw his spear at Jonathan (20:30-33). • Jonathan’s response/questions caused Saul to attempt murdering his son. Saul tied to kill before (14:44-45). • No one is blest by lies and deception (i.e. Abraham, David, Issac, etc.). Who is injured?

  12. Discussion Questions • What caused David and Jonathan to weep (I Sm. 20:41-42)? • Confirmation of Saul’s evil intent. • Jonathan had feelings of hurt and anger over the discovery, attempted murder and deception (20:34). • David “felt Jonathan’s pain.” (20:41-42) • If we expect to “weep with those who weep” and “rejoice with those who rejoice” then we must be able to “know how others really feel.” • I understand and “feel your pain.” Walk a mile in another person’s shoes.

  13. Discussion Questions • What all did David get from Ahimelech the priest (I Sm. 21:1-9; Mt. 12:1-8)? • Nob was a city of many priests and sacrifices (22:19). • The priest gave David holy bread, and Goliath’s sword (21:6, 9). • David makes a false statement (21:2). • It was not lawful for David to eat the holy bread, but under emergency conditions (Lev. 24:5-9; Mt. 12:3-4). • Holy bread can only be eaten by clean people. • Why did David flee to Gath (I Sm. 21:10)? • His fear of Saul was more than fear of the Philistine king. • Gath was the same city of Goliath.

  14. Discussion Questions • Lesson To Learn:We are to suffer as a Christian, not an evildoer. ( I Pt. 4:12-16; II Tm. 3:10-12; II Co. 11:22-28; 1:8-11; Jh. 3:19-21) • Convicted criminals suffer punishment (i.e jail, prison, community service, execution, etc.) because of their own evil. • Godly living is determined by how we endure suffering. • FACT: The “godly will suffer persecution.” Why? (Jh. 3:19-21).

  15. Discussion Questions • Why did David display insane behavior (I Sm. 21:11-15)? • To divert attention away from his military abilities. • David’s tactic (20:13): He pretended to be insane (deception), like a mad dog (i.e. frothed at the mouth, naked/scrabbled door posts). It worked! • David deceived Saul, Achish and Ahimelech. • David did not inquire of God, nor is deception and lying approved by God. • The testing and failures of David would make him a better king (Jm. 1:2-4).

  16. Discussion Questions – Final Thoughts • Lesson To Learn:We are all one-step away from death and judgment. Let us not deceive ourselves. (Hb. 9:27; Ga. 6:7-10; II Th. 1:3-12; Jh. 5:28-29; Lk. 16:19-31; Ac. 17:30-31; Re. 2:10; Ro. 4:12) • Don’t be naïve and deceive yourself. Seek/Know the truth! • Jesus will come again and execute justice on those who “do not obey God.” • We will all face the “resurrection of the just and the unjust.” • Death (Hades) awaits all of us (Hb. 9:27). After death we will await final judgment in “torment” or “paradise.” • We must be “faithful unto death” (Walk in faith!). • Death and judgment are coming!!! Are you ready?

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