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Advanced Placement United States History. Kennedy Cohen Bailey. Chapter 35-36. American Pageant. FDR and World War II. USS Shaw – Pearl Harbor – December 7th. Isolationism - Neutrality. Nye Committee Hearings –1934 Recommended Neutrality. Gerald P. Nye (Rep., S.D.).
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Advanced Placement United States History Kennedy Cohen Bailey Chapter 35-36 American Pageant
FDR and World War II USS Shaw – Pearl Harbor – December 7th
Isolationism - Neutrality Nye Committee Hearings –1934 Recommended Neutrality Gerald P. Nye (Rep., S.D.)
Neutrality Acts of ‘34, ‘35, ‘37 Intended to Keep U.S. out of World War II by Restricting Loans or Sales of Weapons to Belligerents
Neutrality Act of 1939 Intended to Help Britain by Establishing “Cash & Carry” Policy
America First Committee 1940 Charles Lindbergh
America First Committee Opposed all Aid to Britain - Called FDR a “War Monger”
The Destroyer Deal - Sept. 1940 U.S. Gives Britain 50 old World War I Destroyers for Eight Naval Bases Used to Fight German U-Boats in the Atlantic.
FDR Breaks Two Term Tradition 1940 Election vs. Wendell Willkie, Republican Franklin Roosevelt, Democrat
March on Washington, 1941 A. Philip Randolph Demands Jobs for Blacks in Defense Industry
March on Washington, 1941 FDR Issues Executive Order 8802 Guaranteeing Blacks Jobs in Defense Plants
March on Washington, 1941 A. Philip Randolph would later organize the 1963 March on Washington where Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers his “I Have a Dream Speech” WWII Poster Promoting Racial Unity
The Four Freedoms Speech: Delivered before Congress January 6, 1941 *from Fear *from Want *of Speech *to Worship
The Four Freedoms: from FEAR World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell
The Four Freedoms: from WANT World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell
The Four Freedoms: of SPEECH World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell
The Four Freedoms: to WORSHIP World War II Poster by Norman Rockwell
Atlantic Conference August 9-12, 1941 The Atlantic Charter: “…after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, (we) hope to see established a peace which will afford… all men … (the means to)… live out their lives in freedom from fear and want…”
Atlantic Conference Secret Agreement FDR promised Churchill that U.S. Navy ships would pursue and attack Nazi U-boats in the Atlantic until an incident was created to provide a cause for war. USS Kearny 10/17/41 USS Reuben James 10/31/41
Pearl Harbor Attack 2,403 Servicemen Killed December 7, 1941
FDR Declares War December 8, 1941
Washington Conference Dec. 22, 1941 to Jan. 14, 1942 FDR & Churchill adopt a policy of “Europe First” that considers Germany the greater danger than Japan.
Executive Order 9066 120,000 Japanese Americans Ordered Interned, 1942
Japanese American Internment Dr. Seuss “Waiting for the Signal from Home….”
Japanese American Internment Anti-Asian Racism Anger over Pearl Harbor Fear of “Jap” Invasion Fear of “Jap” Sabotage CAUSED BY:
War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, …sometimes this translated as mistrust.
War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, …sometimes this translated as social change. for African Americans… for women…
War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, …sometimes it urged harder work.
War Propaganda Promoted Vigilance, …sometimes it urged conservation. “Step on it, kid, ya got gas and rubber to burn!”
Niesi Soldiers in U.S. Army Daniel Inouye, 1st Lt., 442nd Regimental Combat Team later: U.S. Senator, Hawaii
North African Invasion November 8, 1942
Casablanca Conference January 14-23, 1943 The Allied Powers demand “Unconditional Surrender” from the Axis nations. Eisenhower & FDR
Invasion of Sicily & Italy August 1943
Teheran Conference November 28-December 2, 1943 Stalin Roosevelt Churchill
Accomplishments of Teheran: • Britain and U.S.A. to Open Second Front Against Nazis in Europe – D-Day Invasion • Disagree Over Partitioning of Germany – Agreed to Occupation Zones Instead
Invasion of Europe – D-Day June 6, 1944 – Normandy, France
Roosevelt’s Fourth Term, 1944 VS. Franklin Roosevelt, Democrat Thomas Dewey, Republican
Yalta Conference February 4-11, 1945 Churchill Roosevelt Stalin
Yalta Accomplishments: • Agree to Form United Nations • Soviets to Attack Japan after Nazi Surrender • Allies Unwilling Acquiesce to Soviet Dominance in Eastern Europe
Changing of the Guard: April 12, 1945 FDR: Died Warm Spring, GA. Vice President Harry S Truman
VE Day – Victory in Europe May 7, 1945 Nazis Surrender, New York Crowd Celebrates
Potsdam Conference July 16, 1945-August 2, 1945 Clement Atlee Harry Truman Joseph Stalin
Atomic Bombs Alamogordo, NM July 16, 1945 Hiroshima August 6, 1945 Nagasaki August 9, 1945
VJ Day – Victory Over Japan Celebrations in Times Square, NYC, Aug. 14, 1945
FDR and World War II THE END USS Missouri