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26.1 Final Battles and End of the Civil War

26.1 Final Battles and End of the Civil War. On the Left hand side. This is your title page. CA. Standards.

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26.1 Final Battles and End of the Civil War

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  1. 26.1 Final Battles and End of the Civil War On the Left hand side. This is your title page.

  2. CA. Standards • 8.10.4 Discuss Abraham Lincoln’s presidency and his significant writing and speeches and their relationships to the Declaration of Independence, such as the Gettysburg Address (1863). • 8.10.6 Describe the critical developments and events in the war, including the major battles, geographical advantages and obstacles, technological advances, and General Lee’s surrender at Appomattox. • 8.10.7 Explain how the war affected combatants, civilians, the physical environment, and future warfare.

  3. Daily Guided Questions • Why are the battles at Gettysburg and Vicksburg considered turning points in the war? • What was the main message of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address and what other American document is it compared with? • How did Grant treat the Confederate army after their surrender at Appomattox Court House?

  4. New Union General • New Union General, Ambrose Burnside. • Acted more boldly than McClellan, but uses old battle tactics. • Dec. 1862, marches towards Richmond.

  5. Fredericksburg, VA. • December 1862, Burnside attacks Confederates with waves and waves of troops. -Loses about 13,000 troops. -South only loses 5,000. -They dug trenches. • Lincoln replaces Burnside with General Joseph Hooker.

  6. Chancellorsville, VA • May 1863, Hooker’s army is destroyed by Lee’s army. -Lee had half the men Hooker did. -Did lose one of his generals, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson killed. • Hooker is replaced by General George Meade. • Lee heads north.

  7. Hooker (Union) Jackson (CSA)

  8. Meade (USA)

  9. Gettysburg, PA • July 1-3, 1863. • 90,000 troops led by Meade clashed with 75,000 troops led by Lee. • Pickett’s Charge, 13,000 Confederate troops died. • Will be the bloodiest battle of the war. -North will lose 23,000. -South will lose 28,000. • Meade fails to follow Lee’s army and is fired.

  10. Vicksburg, MS • Fort needed to be captured to control the Mississippi River. • Starting in May 1863, Grant lay siege to the fort. -Cut off supplies to fort. -Confederates ate mules, dogs, and rats. • July 4, 1863, Confederates surrendered. • Second part of Anaconda Plan complete.

  11. The Gettysburg Address • November 19, 1863, Lincoln speaks at a dedication of a national cemetery at Gettysburg, PA. • In two minute speech explains. -Why this country was founded. -Will this country survive. -Why people are dying to keep this country together. • Will be recognized as the best speech ever given.

  12. Grant vs. Lee • Gen. Ulysses S. Grant -Came from a poor family. -Near the bottom in his class at West Point. -Forced to resign due to his heavy drinking and fighting with commanders. -After the war will serve two terms as President. • Gen. Robert E. Lee -Came from rich family. -Father was war hero. -Top of his class at West Point. -Superintendent of West Point. -After the war, became president of Washington College.

  13. Cont. • Grant is given control of the Union Army, Spring 1864. • Will fight Lee’s army for seven weeks. -Battle of the Wilderness. -Spotsylvania -Cold Harbor, Grant will lose 5,000 troops in 30 min. • Losses: Union, 55,000/ Confederate 35,000. • Grant heads to Richmond, Va.

  14. March to Sea • June 1864, William T. Sherman ordered to take the heart of the South, Atlanta, GA. • Practiced total war, all out attack to destroy enemies armies, land, resources, and people’s will to fight. • Burns Atlanta to the ground, Nov. • Continues to the Atlantic Ocean, leaving a path of destruction, then marches north.

  15. Richmond • June 1864, Siege of Petersburg, south of Richmond. • Grant and Lee fight for ten months. • Lee leaves Richmond undefended. • Union marches into Richmond in April 1865. -Grant’s army follow Lee west.

  16. Appomattox Court House • Lee was unable to continue fighting. • Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865. • Grant offers generous terms. -Must surrender arms. -Return home in peace. -Take possessions and horses. -Feed hungry.

  17. Toll of War • 3 million fought on both sides. • North -360,000 soldiers dead. -37,000 African American soldiers. • South • 260,000 soldiers dead. • 500,000 wounded for both sides.

  18. 3rdCivil War Letter • Exchange your second letter with your partner and respond to the letter. -If your partner didn’t write a letter don’t worry, continue to write to them (many didn’t receive letters due to many reasons). • Use what you learned today to have something to write about. • 100 words, date this letter 1864.

  19. Analyzing Primary Sources • Read Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. • Answer the questions in the back. -Vocabulary, 1-5 -Constructed Response and Critical Thinking. • Write down the questions and full answer.

  20. Study Guide 185 • Copy down Study Guide pg. 185. • Fill it out by using your notes or reading pg. 407-411.

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