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This concept explains the significance of both biotic and abiotic factors in every ecosystem. Biotic factors include plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria, while abiotic factors consist of sunlight, moisture, temperature, wind, and soil. Keystone species play a crucial role in ecosystem health and can have a profound impact on other factors. Biodiversity, the variety of living things in an ecosystem, is highest near the equator but is threatened in locations like rainforests due to human activities.
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KEY CONCEPT Every ecosystem includes both biotic(living) and (abiotic) nonliving factors.
plants • Biotic factors are living things. • plants • animals • fungi • bacteria
sunlight moisture • moisture • temperature • wind • sunlight • soil • Abiotic factors are nonliving things.
creation of wetland ecosystem increased waterfowl Population keystone keystone species increased fish population nesting sites for birds • A keystone species is a species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem. Changing one can affect many other factors.
Biodiversity is the assortment, or variety, of living things in an ecosystem. More diversity near the equator-less toward the poles Rain forests have more biodiversity than other locations in the world, but are threatened by human activities.
