Food Defense

1. Food Defense In a Beef Production Setting Courtesy of Food Technology magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59, No.8.  Food Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food Technologists, www.ift.org.

2. Is Our Food Safe From Attack?

3. Will this Effect Missouri? • Missouri ranks 2nd in the nation for number of cattle operations. • Missouri ranks 3rd in the nation for number of beef cows. • Missouri farms have estimated cash receipts of $5.82 billion/year.

4. How is Food Supply a Critical Infrastructure? • Most states produce 30% or less of what it’s residents eat. • Most cities have only a 5 day food supply. • The average person’s food travels 1,300 miles from farm to table.

5. What Type of Harm Could Occur? Intentional delivery of a harmful biological or chemical agent to the food supply system could cause: • Physical harm (illness or mortality) • Economic disruption • Direct • Indirect • International • Political unrest • Psychological harm – loss of confidence in food supply

6. Case Study: Bitter Harvest • 1973 Fire retardant (PBB) accidentally mixed into feed rations for cattle. • Over a year later sickness in animals, and humans is linked to PBBs. • Cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, and contaminated commodities are destroyed and buried. • 97% of humans living in Michigan during that time have PBBs in their system.

7. Vulnerable Areas in The Farm to Fork Food Supply Chain • Farm • Supply Chain • Feed Mill • Feedlot • Auction Barn • Transportation

8. What is Food Defense? Food Defense focuses on security, protecting the food supply from intentional contamination. Courtesy of Food Technology magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59, No.8.  Food Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food Technologists, www.ift.org.

9. Is Food Defense Different than Biosecurity? • Food Defense focuses on protecting the food supply fromintentional contamination. • Biosecurity and Food Safety (HACCP) focus on protecting the food supply from unintentional contamination. They help with, but are not a substitute for food defense.

10. Who Might Intentionally Contaminate an Animal Production Facility? • Disgruntled employee/former employee • Contract or temporary employee • Members of terrorist or extremist groups • Truck driver • Affiliate of a competing facility • Visitor to facility

11. Biological Agents: Cause disease or produce toxin Chemical Agents: Causes toxicity or burns Radiological Agents: Causes burns or radiation sickness Potential Contaminants

12. What Makes an Attractive Agent of Intentional Contamination? • Long incubation period/delayed effect • Highly effective • History of use • Available (easily produced in adequate quantity) • Low traceability

13. Food Defense Plan Defense plans are encouraged but not required for farms and most food establishments. Courtesy of Food Technology magazine, from "Defending the Food Supply," August 2005, Vol. 59, No.8.  Food Technology is a publication of the Institute of Food Technologists, www.ift.org.

14. Facilities Currently Required to Participate in Food Defense All vendors providing food for USDA feeding programs must now be in compliance with the Food Defense System.

15. Four Steps for Developing a Food Defense Plan • Assess the vulnerabilities • Write a plan • Evaluatethe plan • Maintain the plan

16. Assessthe vulnerabilities

17. Countermeasures Countermeasures are actions taken to shield vulnerable areas, reducing the risk of intentional contamination.

18. Areas to Consider for Countermeasure Development • Procedures • Facility • Technology • Personnel

19. Countermeasures for Procedures • Workforce • Shipping and Receiving • Visitors and Customers • Marketing

20. Countermeasures for Facility • Light it • Lock it • Limit Access

21. Write the Plan

22. What if the Food Supply is Intentionally Contaminated? Should such an event occur a timely and efficient response will be critical to minimizing the damage.

23. Develop a Written Response Plan • Plan for handling of contaminated animals • Emergency Planning • Facility Map • Emergency Contact Phone List • Visitor Log • Supplier/Customer Contacts • Employee Emergency Information

24. Handling of Contaminated Animals • First hold all potentially contaminated animals • Potentially contaminated animals will need to be quarantined prior to euthanasia. • Quarantine will need to be separate from non contaminated animals. • Prepare a plan for carcass disposal, to be reviewed by APHIS and state authorities in case of an intentional contamination.

25. Beef Farm Containment and Disposal Plan

26. Facility Map • Name, address, and phone of owner/proprietor • Relationship of the facility to adjacent properties and/or structures. • Road access including transportation routes • Perimeter boundaries, include fences, and gates (with dimensions)

27. Facility Map continued • Buildings, outbuildings, doors, windows, AC/heating, ventilation • Utilities (water, gas, electric, phones) location and shutoff • Septic System and drainage areas with direction of flow • Web sites such as Google Earth www.earth.google.com

28. Happy Herefords Beef Farm pond Dandy Devons Organic Beef pondd Feed Storage Row Crop Farm House Barn/Equipment Shed Hay Shed Hwy AA Septic drainage Phone, deliveries, AC Owner: Murray Maine 4321 Hwy AA Bovine, MO 65444 Home: 660-445-xxxx Cell: 660-321-xxxx corral Electric and water shut offs Main gate 10’

29. Beef Farm Emergency Phone List

30. Beef Farm Supplier Contact List

31. Beef Farm Customer Contact List

32. Beef Farm Employee Emergency Contacts

33. Evaluatethe plan • Check the perimeter regularly. • Make unannounced entrances at various times. • Check locks in vulnerable areas. • Perform a mock quarantine.

34. Maintainthe plan • Ensure that measures implemented continue to be effective. • Train the family/employees regarding their effort in: • Prevention • Detection • Response • Re-evaluate the plan annually or as operations or facilities change.

35. References • www.fsis.gov • www.bt.cdc.gov • www.dhs.gov