Quiz – Chapter 10 Vocab

1. Quiz – Chapter 10 Vocab • Igneous rock – define 2 points • Sedimentary rock – define 2 points • Metamorphic rock – define 2 points • Rock cycle – define 2 points • Staple vocab to this quiz for 2 points

2. Daily Start up • Warm up : List three types of Igneous rocks • Exit: How does cooling time affect the texture of Igneous rocks • Homework: • Read pages 175-177; answer questions on page 177 due 1/6/15 • Chapter 10 vocabulary due 1/9/15, write definitions and give a fact on page 190 • Read pages 178 – 181; answer questions on page 181 due 1/9/15 • Study for vocab quiz on 1/9/15

3. Chapter 10 Terms : Define and write sentences • Laccolith • Sill • Dike • Volcanic neck • Lava plateau • Compaction • Cementation • Clastic sedimentary rock • Chemical sedimentary rock • Organic sedimentary rock • Conglomerate • Igneous rock • Sediment • Sedimentary rock • Metamorphic rock • Rock cycle • Intrusive igneous rocks • Extrusive igneous rocks • Porphyritic • Batholiths • Stock

4. Chapter 10 Terms : Define and write sentences • Breccia • Evaporites • Stratification • Fossils • Concretions • Metamorphism • Contact metamorphism • Regional metamorphism • Foliated • Nonfoliated

5. Standards 3c. Students know how to explain the properties of rocks based on the physical and chemical conditions in which they formed, including plate tectonic processes. Essential QuestionI will be able to identify the three types of rock, and explain how each is formed

6. Section 1 Essential Questions • Identify the three major types of rock, and explain how each is formed. • Summarize the steps in the rock cycle.

7. Notes Section 10.1 • Rocks and the rock cycle • Magma is the parent of all rock • Three types of rocks • Three major types of rock • Igneous – formed from magma • Sedimentary – pressed or cemented together • Metamorphic – forms from heat, pressure and chemical process. • The rock cycle • Process in which rocks change form. • Not all rocks go through each stage.

8. Section 1 Essential Questions wrap up- write a short explanation of each • Identify the three major types of rock, and explain how each is formed. • Summarize the steps in the rock cycle.

9. Section 2 Essential Questions • Describe how the cooling rate of Magma and lava affects the texture of igneous rock. • Classify igneous rocks according to their mineral composition. • Describe a number of identifiable igneous rock structures.

10. Notes Section 10.2 • Igneous rock • 2 groups intrusive and extrusive • Crystalline size determines the grouping. • Texture of igneous rock • Intrusive has a coarse grain texture. • Slow cooling allows large crystal structures • Extrusive has a fine grain texture • Faster cooling allows for smaller crystal structures • Silica-rich magma forms obsidian. • Porphyritic • Composition of igneous rocks • Chemical composition determines rock family – Felsic, intermediate, Mafic • Felsic has a light color in main mineral. • Mafic has low amounts of silica, dark in color • Intermediate family has less quartz and a medium color.

11. Notes Section 10.2 • Igneous rock structure • Intrusion – underground • Extrusions – on surface • Intrusions • Batholiths are the largest of all intrusions. • A stock is an intrusion that covers less then 100 sq. KM • Laccolith is what forms dome mountains. • Sill are harden magma between layers of rock and lies horizontal. • A dike is when magma pushes up through fissures to the surface

12. Notes Section 10.2 • Extrusions • Erupts on the surface • When it erupts onto the surface from cracks it can form a lava plateau. • Forms a volcanoes • The central vent of a volcano is the volcanic neck.

13. Section 2 Essential Questions wrap up- write a short explanation of each • Describe how the cooling rate of Magma and lava affects the texture of igneous rock. • Classify igneous rocks according to their mineral composition. • Describe a number of identifiable igneous rock structures.

14. Section 3 Essential Questions • Name the three types of sedimentary rock and give an example of each • Describe several identifiable sedimentary rock features

15. Notes Section 10.3 • Sedimentary Rock • Made in two ways: Compaction & cementation • Compaction is when overlying layers press down and push out the air and water. • Cementation is when minerals are left behind to bind the fragments together. • Classified by the kind and size of fragments. • Formation of Sedimentary Rocks • Clastic sedimentary rocks are run off water, wind or ice. • Chemical sedimentary rocks are precipitated from water. • Organic sedimentary rocks form from the remains of organisms.

16. Notes Section 10.3 • Clastic Sedimentary Rocks • Rounded gravel or pebbles are a conglomerate. • If the fragments have sharp corners it is breccia. • Sand size or sandstone have pores that allow water and oil to flow through. • Shale is made of clay sized materials. • Chemical Sedimentary Rocks • Rocks that are formed from minerals that were once in water, it settles and solidifies. • Evaporites are when the water evaporates and leaves the minerals behind. (salts)

17. Notes Section 10.3 • Organic sedimentary rocks • Are formed from what used to be a living organism. • Coal (plants), limestone & chalk (sea life) are examples. • Sedimentary rock features • Stratification, ripple marks, mud cracks, fossils and concretions. • Stratification • This is the layering of the sediments, flowing water makes smooth layers and wind makes a crossing pattern. • Graded bedding is when the size of materials causes the layering.

18. Notes Section 10.3 • Ripple marks and mud cracks • Ripple marks are formed by water or winds • Mud cracks form when the mud dries and shrinks, it then is later covered by sediment again. • Fossils • Are found in sedimentary rocks, they are covered by the sediment. • Concretions • Are deposits that build up in cracks or openings in the sedimentary rock • Sometimes crystals grow and form a geode.

19. Section 3 Essential Questions wrap up- write a short explanation of each • Name the three types of sedimentary rock and give an example of each • Describe several identifiable sedimentary rock features

20. Section 4 Essential Questions • Distinguish between regional and contact metamorphism • Distinguish between foliated and non foliated rocks and give an example of each

21. Notes Section 10.4 • Metamorphic Rock • Formed by heat, pressure and chemical process deep inside the earth. • Formation of Metamorphic Rocks • Caused by heat, pressure and hot fluids. • It can change in size and shape or separate into parallel bands. • 2 types; Contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism. • Contact is when the rock is near magma or the hot fluids. • Regional is caused in the areas of plate movement.

22. Notes Section 10.4 • Classification of metamorphic rocks • Foliated and Nonfoliated • Foliated has mineral bands • Nonfoliated does not • Foliated rocks • Form in two ways; extreme pressure may flatten the crystals into mineral bands or they may separate by density into dark and light bands. • Nonfoliated rocks • Do not have bands, the heat and pressure cause the rock to recrystallize so the spaces disappear.

23. Section 4 Essential Questions wrap up- write a short explanation of each • Distinguish between regional and contact metamorphism • Distinguish between foliated and non foliated rocks and give an example of each