The NIBB MARS DEBATES

1. The NIBB MARS DEBATES Raising Awareness by Understanding Problems & Consequenes Of... ...Passenger ship safety

2. ...How safe... ...is safe

3. Passenger ship safety Agenda What is a passenger ship Cruise industry – Facts & figures Cruise industry – General informaton Learning form accidents (improvements) “Costa Concordia” Aspects to consider (free debate) Quiz

4. Passenger ship safety 1/ What is a passenger ship?

5. Passenger ship safety Cruise ship Ocean liner Ro-Pax Ferry Fast Ferry River cruises

6. Passenger ship safety Cruise ship: Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages. Voyage itself + ship's amenities + different destinations. Transportation is not the prime purpose Ocean liner (passenger ship): Transport of passengers (some freight, mail,...) from A to B Built to higher standard High freeboard Large capacities for fuel/provisions/consumables...

7. Passenger ship safety > 12 passengers When int’l trading: compliance SOLAS, ICLL, IMO regs Passenger ship ≠ cruise ship: Passenger ship: High fuel consumption (speed) Deep draught Enclosed decks Cabins to maximize passenger numbers Lower comfort (windowless suites) Cruise ships: Amenities more important than speed Balcony-laden floating condominiums

8. Passenger ship safety 2/ Cruise industry (2011): Facts & Figures

9. Passenger ship safety In 2011: 30 billions US$ industry 19 millions passengers Booming industry Ship size: 270 – 360 m > 100,000 GT (Oasis of the Seas: 225,000 GT) Number of passengers/ship: 3000-4000 (average) to 6300 (max) Mariner of the Seas consume 20,000 pounds (9,000 kg) of beef, 28,000 eggs, 8,000 gallons (30,000 L) of ice cream, and 18,000 slices of pizza in a week. 50% of energy = Catering dept. Passenger ship in decline (aviation industrty) Cruise industry gaining popularity

10. Passenger ship safety

11. Passenger ship safety 3/ Cruise industry: General information

12. Passenger ship safety Tailor made formulas: Speciality range of products: Passenger age Tall ships/sailing vessels Size of vessels Expedition ... Companies: Carnival Royal Caribbean Cruises Star cruises Norwegian Cruise Line MSC Cruises Louis Cruise Lines

13. Passenger ship safety Organisation: Normal ship + Ship’s crew + hospitality staff =/> passengers Restaurants (Dining & buffet style) Shows/performances 50% of energy = Catering dept. Excursions Tax free shops Casinos/events Other uses: Troop transport & hospital ships (ocean liners) Hotel ships (Athens olympics) Emergency accommodation for evacuees (Katrina)

14. Passenger ship safety Amenities: Casino — Only open when the ship is at sea to avoid conflict with local laws Spa Fitness center Shops — Only open when ship is at sea to avoid merchandising licensing and local taxes Library Theatre with Broadway style shows Cinema Indoor and/or outdoor swimming pool Hot tub Buffet restaurant Lounges Gym Clubs Some ships have bowling alleys, ice skating rinks, rock climbing walls, miniature golf courses, video arcades, ziplines, surfing simulators, basketball courts, tennis courts, chain restaurants and/or ropes obstacle courses.

15. Passenger ship safety 4/ Learning from incidents Improvements (following incidents):

16. Passenger ship safety Improvements over last years (following incidents): Escape routes/Fire protetion for large atrium cruise ships, LSA. ISM STCW (crew training requirements, crowd management) MARPOL (waste) The Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) at its 82nd session in November-December 2006 adopted a package of amendments to SOLAS: Prevention from accidents occuring Improved survivability

17. Passenger ship safety The amendments also provide regulatory flexibility so that ship designers can meet any safety challenges the future may bring. The amendments include: Alternative designs and arrangements; Safe areas and the essential systems to be maintained while a ship proceeds to port after a casualty, which will require redundancy of propulsion and other essential systems; On-board safety centers, from where safety systems can be controlled, operated and monitored; Fixed fire detection and alarm systems, including requirements for fire detectors and manually operated call points to be capable of being remotely and individually identified; Fire prevention, including amendments aimed at enhancing the fire safety of atriums, the means of escape in case of fire and ventilation systems; and Time for orderly evacuation and abandonment, including requirements for the essential systems that must remain operational in case any one main vertical zone is unserviceable due to fire.

18. Passenger ship safety Following submissions made by Italy and other interested parties (cruise industry) on 01/06/2012 the IMO Maritime Safety Committee adopted Recommended Interim Measures for Passenger Ship Companies to enhance the Safety of Passenger Ships (Circular 1446). These interim measures cover following : Provision of additional lifejackets in public spaces, at muster stations or in lifeboats to avoid passengers having to return to their cabins in case the ship needs to be abandoned. Ensure that communication and emergency instructions to passengers are duly understood, taking into account potential language barriers (not all passengers understand English). For voyages exceeding 24 hours there should be a lifeboat drill for all new passengers before departure. When the vessel is sailing in congested waters or where navigation requires increased vigilance (e.g. in poor visibility), access to the bridge should be restricted to operational personnel only i.e. no passengers. Ensure that passage plans duly take Guidelines for voyage planning (in remote areas as applicable) into account and clearly specify/limit the circumstances in which the master can deviate from the passage plan, other than for safety or security reasons, as well as the procedures to follow in such cases.

19. Passenger ship safety The IMO urges member states to recommend passenger ship owners to: Ensure that their current safety procedures and best management practices are fully and effectively implemented Conduct a review of their existing operational safety procedures (SMS) and if necessary adapt them taking into account the above recommended interim measures.

20. Passenger ship safety 5/ “COSTA CONCORDIA”

21. Passenger ship safety 6/ Passenger ships: Aspects to consider:

22. Passenger ship safety Structural integrity Management Crew Accommodation Fire Life Saving Appliances Navigation Machinery Cargo = Passengers (safety & wellbeing) Security

23. Passenger ship safety Structural integrity Stability Passenger → cruise ships: Passenger cabins from inside to outside (higher price) Increase in overall height – top heavy - stability? CoG – rather low (large open spaces – light weight material & heavy components (M/E, fuel, propellers in lower parts) Wide ships > initial stability > metacentric height Stabilizers = comfort, no added benefit from stability point of view

24. Passenger ship safety Management Crewing (1500-2000 crew, ≠ nationalities) Training Remote ports (supplies, assistance) Insurance

25. Passenger ship safety Crew Under-industrialized countries Ship crew – entertainment crew (performers) & hospitality Different nationalities MLC Living conditions(shared cabins) 3 – 11 month contracts 77 hour workweeks – 10 months/2 months holidays Facilities for crew separate from passengers

26. Passenger ship safety Accommodation Passenger accommodation & amenities Crew accommodation & facilities Safety (signage,..)

27. Passenger ship safety Safety: 2005 – 2012: 100,000,000 passengers – 16 fatalities Fire safety & LSA Various systems Maintenance & inspection Testing Number & types of LSA Drills & training Inspections (remote ports, replacement equipment,...)

28. Passenger ship safety Pollution: Huge waste streams: Sewage Grey water Hazardous waste Oily bilge water Ballast water Solid waste Air polluants (A/C) Garbage management IAPP/SEEMP

29. Passenger ship safety Navigation Remote ports (drafts,...) Passage planning Passengers on bridge

30. Passenger ship safety Machinery: Noise/vibration Maintenance Electricity Passenger related machinery & equipment

31. Passenger ship safety Cargo = Passengers (safety & wellbeing) Old people – disabled people – sight disabled people Communication/Language SAR initiatives Excursion/tender safety Personal preferences of passengers Passenger health & hygiene: Huge number of people Rapid spreading of diseases Close monitoring of hygiene & health to prevent diseases Exposure to claims/compiling evidence

32. Passenger ship safety Security: Cabin security Boarding security Registration/signing on

33. Passenger ship safety KWIS KWIS QUIZ QUIZ

34. Passenger ship safety Q&A