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Understanding Gametogenesis: Sperm and Egg Cell Formation Process

Learn about spermatogenesis and oogenesis, the processes of creating sperm and egg cells in males and females. Discover how meiosis leads to genetic diversity and fertilization enables sexual reproduction.

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Understanding Gametogenesis: Sperm and Egg Cell Formation Process

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  1. GAMETOGENESIS:The making of gametes GAMETE - SEX CELL (SPERM OR EGG)GENESIS - TO MAKE OR CREATE

  2. Types of Gametogenesis • SPERMATOGENESIS: Makes MALE sperm cells • OOGENESIS: Makes the FEMALE egg cells Both processes use MEIOSIS as their type of cell division, however the results are quite different.

  3. Primary Spermatocyte 46 Secondary Spermatocytes 23 23 23 23 23 23 Spermatids Mature Sperm Cells Spermatogenesis Where does it occur? In the TESTES Description of Germ Cells GERM CELLS in the testes are DIPLOID (2N, 46) just like the rest of the body cells. Initial germ cells are called PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES What is produced? 1 round of spermatogenesis produces FOUR healthy sperm cells. Every sperm cell contains a unique combination of genes. (NO TWO ARE ALIKE!)

  4. Secondary Oocytes Primary Oocyte 46 23 23 23 23 23 1 Ootid 23 X X X 3 Polar Bodies Mature Egg Cell (OVUM) OOGENESIS Where does it occur? In the OVARIES Description of the Germ Cells GERM CELLS in the ovaries are DIPLOID (2N, 46) just like the rest of the body cells. Initial germ cells are called PRIMARY OOCYTES What is produced? 1 round of Oogenesis produces ONE healthy egg cell (OVUM), and THREE POLAR BODIES. The polar bodies serve NO PURPOSE in the body.

  5. Once gametes are formed, organisms can undergo SEXUAL REPRODUCTION and/or FERTILIZATION. • Sexual Reproduction: The fusion of two gametes • Fertilization: The fusion of the egg and sperm

  6. Critical Concepts/Connections • How is spermatogenesis different from oogenesis? • What are three sources of genetic diversity? (clue: 2 are from meiosis and 1 is from fertilization) • How are the terms sexual reproduction and fertilization different? (Why might scientists need two different terms) • In the creation of a child, when is meiosis necessary and when is mitosis necessary?

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