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Assessing Reading

Assessing Reading. Contents. Reading strategies Types of reading tasks Perceptive Selective Interactive Extensive Summary Dictocomp Strip story. Reading Strategies (1). Bottom-up processing (decoding) which employs micro-skills Discrimination of graphemes & orthographic patterns

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Assessing Reading

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  1. Assessing Reading

  2. Contents • Reading strategies • Types of reading tasks • Perceptive • Selective • Interactive • Extensive • Summary • Dictocomp • Strip story

  3. Reading Strategies (1) • Bottom-up processing (decoding) which employs micro-skills • Discrimination of graphemes & orthographic patterns • Recognition & interpretation of words, word classes, patterns, rules, etc. • Cohesive devices • Making use of formal schema to decode the written text

  4. Reading Strategies (1) • Micro-skill processing (decoding) • Retain chunks of language of different lengths in short-term memory. • Recognize a core of words, and interpret word order patterns and their significance. • Recognize grammatical word classes

  5. Reading Strategies (2) • Top-down processing which employs macro-skills • Recognition of rhetorical forms and communicative functions • Using background knowledge to make inferences • Scanning and skimming, guessing meaning of words from context, activating relevant schemata

  6. Reading Strategies (2) • Macro-skills processing • Distinguish between literal and implied meanings. • Detect culturally specific references and interpret them in a context of the appropriate cultural schemata. • Develop the reading strategies – such as, scanning and skimming, guessing meaning of words from context, activating relevant schemata

  7. Reading Strategies • The reading strategies: • Skim • Scan • Make an inference

  8. Types genres of Reading Tasks • Genres of reading • Academic reading • E.g. • Job-related reading • E.g. • Personal reading • E.g. textbooks, comic strips, test direction, letter/email, announcements, newspaper,

  9. Types genres of Reading Tasks • Efficient readers • Know the purpose in reading a text • The strategies to accomplish the purpose • How to retain the information • The content validity of an assessment procedure is established through the genre of a text

  10. Types of Reading Tasks • Perceptive • Selective • Interactive • Extensive

  11. Types of Reading Tasks (1) • Perceptive: • Bottom-up processing • Decoding letters, words, graphemic symbols, etc. • Reading aloud, picture-cued word or sentence identification, etc. (Brown 190-193)

  12. Perceptive assessment tasks • Reading aloud • Multiple-choice – • minimal pair distinction • Grapheme recognition task • Picture-cued items • Picture-cued word identification • picture-cued sentence identification • Picture-cued true/false sentence identification • Picture-cued matching word identification (p. 192-193)

  13. Types of Reading Tasks (2) • Selective: • A combo of bottom-up and top-down processing • Formal (lexical and grammatical) aspects of language • Formats including multiple-choice, matching, gap-filling

  14. Selective Assessment Tasks • Multiple-choice for form-focused criteria e.g. He’s not married. He’s_________ a. young b. single c. first d. a husband

  15. Selective Assessment Tasks • Contextualized multiple-choice vocabulary / grammar tasks 1. Oscar: Do you like champagne? Lucy: No, I can’t _________it. a. stand b. prefer c. hate

  16. Selective Reading Assessment Tasks • Contextualized multiple-choice cloze vocabulary task (p.196) • Matching tasks • Vocabulary matching tasks • Selected response fill-in vocabulary task • Editing tasks • E.g. paper-based toefl • Picture-cued tasks (p. 199)

  17. Types of Reading Tasks (3) • Interactive: • Top-down processing (with some instances of bottom-up) • More lengthy reading where the reader must interact with the text • A process of negotiating meaning • Both form-focused and meaning-focused (but more emphasis on meaning comprehension) • Cloze, comprehension Qs, editing, short answers, scanning, ordering, info. transfer (graphics interpretation)

  18. Interactive Reading Assessment Tasks • Cloze procedure (p.202) • Fixed-ratio deletion • Rational deletion • C-test • Reading comprehension passage • Short-answer tasks • Open-ended reading comprehension questions • Editing (longer texts) • Contextualized grammar editing tasks. • Ordering tasks • Information Transfer (p. 211)

  19. Types of Reading Tasks (4) • Extensive: • Top-down processing • Global understanding of a text • Skimming, summarizing and responding, note-taking and outlining

  20. Summary • Types of reading by length (short, medium, long), focus (form and meaning), and process (bottom-up vs. top-down)(see Brown 190)

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