Human Body Systems

1. Human Body Systems

3. Respiratory System • Function: • Breathing brings air into the lungs and removes waste gases • Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose to carbon dioxide, water and energy

4. Respiratory System • Part of excretory system • Oxygen in • Carbon dioxide and water out.

5. Respiratory system • Upper and Lower respiratory tracts

6. Fact • The surface area of the aveoli in your lungs is @ 70 square meters, or about the same as three lanes of a bowling alley.

7. Diseases of respiratory system • Lung Cancer -3rd leading cause of death in men and women in the U.S. • Emphysema ( causes aveoli to enlarge) • Asthma (lung disorder)

8. Cardiovascular System • Function: • Pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body to tissues and organs. • Coronary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart. • Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood through the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart.

9. Organs of the circulatory system • Heart • Veins • Arteries • Capillaries

10. Heart • Made of cardiac muscle tissue • Has 4 compartments called chambers: two upper are atriums, two lower are ventricles. • Heart has arteries just and veins just like any other muscle

11. Fact • Your heart beats 60-70 times per minute. Each time it pumps 60 mL of blood. How many mL’s in 24 hours. • 5184000 mL’s or • 5184 liter bottles.

12. Heart • When these arteries are blocked, it starves the heart of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in a heart attack

13. Veins • Veins are passageways that carry blood back to the heart. • Veins have valves • 2 major veins carry return blood from your body to your heart: the superior vena cava returns blood from your head and the inferior vena cava from your lower body

14. Arteries • Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart • Have thick, elastic walls made of tissue and smooth muscle

15. Capillaries • Microscopic blood vessels. • Walls are only one cell thick • Bloodshot eyes show them • Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from body cells into capillaries

16. Heart diseases • Myocardial infarctions (aka heart attacks) happen when there is an interruption of blood supply to the heart and heart tissue begins to die.

17. Atherosclerosis • Fatty deposits build up on arterial walls causing a blockage. Eating fatty foods high in cholesterol and saturated fats can cause these deposits to form. • Not all cholesterol is bad. One type is essential for good health.

18. Blood • Carries oxygen from lungs to body • Takes carbon dioxide away • Carries waste products to kidneys • Transports nutrients • Cells in blood fight infections

19. Blood • Made up of plasma (55%), mostly water. • Platelets ;help with clotting • Red blood cells: made at rate of 2-3 million per second. • White: help fight bacteria, viruses, etc

20. Blood Types • 4 types • A, B, AB, O • Types A, B, AB have antigens coating their surface. Rh factor • Wrong type of blood will kill you • Type “O” is universal

21. Diseases of the Blood • Sickle-cell anemia • Anemia is a disease of the red blood cells • Leukemia produces immature white blood cells that don’t fight infections

22. Digestive System • Function: • Takes food and liquid in for nutrition • Moves water and undigested food out • Diseases: • Cirrhosis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (aka IBS)

23. Integumentary System • Your skin! • Part of excretory system • Function: • Protects organs and regulates excretion and absorption • Diseases: • Skin cancer, acne, and psoriasis

24. Excretory System • Includes many systems such as digestive, respiratory, skin and urinary system. • Function: • Each gets rid of waste in its own way. • Diseases: • Gout and kidney failure

25. Urinary System • Water and salts in • Excess water, metabolic wastes and salts out. • Controls blood volume ( blood pressure) • Works in conjunction with hypothalmus to balance fluid levels in blood

26. Organs of Urinary System • Kidneys are bean shaped organs • Located at back of abdomen at @ waist level • Kidney filters blood of waste products, creates waste product called urine

27. Kidneys • All of your blood is filtered through your kidneys in about 5 minutes. • Connected to bladder through two ducts called ureters • Drains urine into your bladder

28. Bladder • Bladder is where urine is held until you release it. • Bladder is an elastic, muscular organ that can stretch to hold .5 liter of urine. • Avg. human produces @ 1 liter of urine daily

29. Diseases of the Urinary System • A person can live normally with one kidney • If both kidneys fail, a person must use a dialysis machine to filter wastes out of the blood; or else you would die.

30. Skeletal System • Skeletal system • Function: • Provides shape and support • Allows movement and is where red blood cells are made • Stores minerals • Protect organs and soft tissue • At birth you 300 bones • As an adult 206 bones • Diseases: • Leukemia and osteoporosis

31. Muscular System • Over 600 muscles in your body • Function: • Control movement • Voluntary muscles: you choose to move them • Involuntary: heart • Diseases: • Muscular Dystrophy

32. Muscles • 3 types • Skeletal: attached to bones to help you move • Cardiac: heart • Smooth: intestines, bladder, blood vessels, internal organs

33. Nervous System • Function: • Responds to stimuli to maintain homeostasis • Central nervous is your brain and spinal cord. • Peripheral nervous system is all the nerves other than the CNS

34. Brain • Three main parts: • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Brain stem • You also have a left and right half

35. Brain • Your brain contains @ 100 billion neurons • Cerebrum: interprets input from senses • Controls movement • Responsible for learning and memory

36. Brain • Cerebellum • Responsible for coordinating your muscles and balance • Keeps you from falling down when you walk

37. Brain • Brain stem • Controls involuntary actions such as breathing and heartbeat • Diseases: • Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimers

38. Endocrine System • Endocrine system produces chemicals that control many of the body’s daily activities as well as long term changes such as growth and development

39. Endocrine • Endocrine system made up of glands • Glands produce hormones • Hormones are chemicals that turn off, turn on or speed up, slow down the activities of organs and tissues

40. Endocrine • Each gland produces a different hormone responsible for a different task. Adrenal glands produce adrenaline • Testes produce testosterone • Ovaries produce estrogen

41. Lymphatic System • Function: • Fluid is collected and returned from the body tissues to the blood by the lymphatic system • No heart-like structure • Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell • Tonsils, thymus and spleen are part of system

42. Immune System • Body has 3 lines of defense: skin, breathing passages, mouth and stomach. • Pathogens land on skin and most are destroyed by chemicals in oil and sweat.

43. Immune • Pathogens get through skin usually only when there is break in skin: a scab quickly forms to protect pathway.

44. Immune • Breathing: pathogens enter but are trapped and destroyed by mucus layer. Cilia in nose move accumulated material out.

45. “T” Cells & “B”Cells • T- cells identify pathogens by identifying a chemical marker on the pathogen called an antigen • Some T cells attack pathogen; others activate B cells.

46. Immune • Pathogens found in food are destroyed first by saliva, and then by powerful acids in stomach • Diseases: • Asthma and Chrohn’s disease

47. Reproductive System • Function: • procreation • Sexual reproduction involves the production of eggs by the female and sperm by the male, which join together during fertilization. • Each sex cell (egg or sperm) contains half (23) of the chromosomes required. (46 for humans)

48. Male Reproductive System • Parts and pieces: • Testes, scrotum, and penis • Testes - produce sperm; also produce the hormone, testosterone. • Scrotum: external pouch that hold testes • Penis: external organ

49. Female reproductive system • Role is to produce eggs and if fertilized, nourish young until birth. • Parts and pieces: ovaries, uterus and vagina • Ovaries produce eggs • Uterus: hollow muscular organ the size of a pear • Vagina: muscular passageway; birth canal

50. Reproductive system • Diseases: • STD’s, cervical cancer, and prostate cancer