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THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM

THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM. “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” - T. Roosevelt. IMPERIALISM - definitions. 1. Imperialism = the quest to build up a territorial empire .

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THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM

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  1. THE AGE OFU.S. IMPERIALISM • “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” - T. Roosevelt

  2. IMPERIALISM - definitions • 1. Imperialism = the quest to build up a territorial empire. • 2. Imperialism = control by powerful nation(s) over a less advanced or less civilized area.

  3. POWERFUL NATION • USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY • Advanced Economy (Industrial) • Strong Government • Considerable Military Strength

  4. The “Less Advanced” Area • CHARACTERIZED BY • Primitive economy (pre-industrial) • Underdeveloped natural resources • Weak government • Limited military power *Imperialism has also been called Colonialism

  5. BACKGROUND - Imperialism • US. Imperialism – response to EuropeanImperialism • 1. Fundamental Cause: Industrial Revolution Industrialized nations desired colonies to provide: • a) cheap supply of raw materials • b) a market for the mother country’s goods • c) large profits w/ minimum risk on investment of SURPLUS CAPITAL

  6. 2. Other Causes: • Used NATIONALIST arguments to gains support for EMPIRE BUILDING. • a) gain glory & achieve a “place in the Sun” • b) secure essential military bases & war materials • c) provide an outlet for surplus population • d) provide safety - missionaries spread Christianity • E) bring to the backward areas the “blessings of the civilized culture” of the West [Europe & USA]

  7. This “Duty” of the West • Labeled by RUDYARD KIPLING as • The “White Man’s Burden”

  8. The Call For Imperialism • Josiah Strong—people of Anglo-Saxon stock were the fittest to survive and that Protestant Americans had a Christian duty to colonize other lands for the purpose of spreading Christianity and Western Cultural

  9. Call for Imperialism • Fredrick Jackson Turner—the American frontier had been essential in the development of the character of the United States; now that the frontier was gone the United States needed a new frontier to continue to inspire our character development and to act as a release value for social frustration, thus avoiding socialist revolution.

  10. Call for Imperialism • Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan urged the U.S. Government to build and maintain a strong naval force to secure our borders, help us achieve open markets overseas, and force competing nations to respect our merchant fleet and American interests

  11. REASONS for U.S. turn to IMPERIALISM • 1) Industrial Revolution • 2) Closing of the FRONTIER– leadsinvestors to look elsewhere for economic opportunity

  12. 3. EXAMPLE of other Nations (Imperialist) • a. British Empire controlled over ¼ of World’s territory and population

  13. The British Empire

  14. qControlled the Suez Canal in Egypt • 101 miles long • Connects Mediterranean with RED SEA

  15. British Imperialists • Cecil Rhodes wanted a CAIRO to CAPE Empire • Cairo is in EGYPT • CAPETOWN is in South Africa • Cartoon: “Colossus of Rhodes”

  16. qThe BRITISH Empire’s “Crown Jewel” = • “THE SUBCONTINENT”AKA INDIA

  17. q“THE LAND DOWNUNDER” • AKA Australia

  18. “The Sun never sets on the UnionJack”

  19. 4. American NATIONALISM

  20. SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898) • Causes of the War: • 1. Despotic Spanish rule over Cuba • A. Spain denied civil liberties & political rights • B. Levied heavy taxes – restricted foreign trade • C. Ruthlessly suppressed rebellions • D. Spain finally abolished slavery in 1886 • E. Economic depression brings another revolt for INDEPENDENCE

  21. 2. AmericanHumanitarianism& sympathy • A. Sympathized with desire for independence • B. Outraged when over 200,000 Cubans died in concentration camps of hunger and disease

  22. 3. ECONOMIC INTERESTS • A. American merchants traded with Cuba to the amount of $100 Million a year • B. American investors placed $50 million in sugar and tobacco plantations.

  23. The united states became an imperialist power to gain more wealth THE UNITED STATES NEEDED NEW MARKETS TO EXPORT THE SURPLUS PRODUCTS OF ITS FARMS AND FACTORIES

  24. 4. “Yellow Journalism” • A. William Randolph Hearst – NY Journal • B. Joseph Pulitzer – New York World • C. Both Newspapers sought to increase circulation by sensationalized news stories. 3) Hearst’s Journal printed the Delome Letter Spanish ambassador calls McKinley “weak”

  25. YELLOW JOURNALISM IN 1898 NEWSPAPERS PROVIDED THE PUBLIC WITH INFORMATION. PEOPLE LACKED THE ABILITY TO VERIFY IF THE STORIES WERE BIASED OR INACCURATE AND THEREFORE RELIED UPON NEWSPAPERS TO TELL THE TRUTH. PULITZER AND HEARST TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE PUBLIC’S IGNORANCE BY TWISTING THE TRUTH TO SELL MORE NEWSPAPERS. SENSATIONALIZED STORIES WERE FEATURED HEAVILY IN THEIR NEWSPAPERS SINCE EXCITING HEADLINES INCREASED CIRCULATION. CARTOON WHERE THE TERM “YELLOW JOURNALISM” CAME FROM

  26. William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer

  27. Frederick Remington - artist • Sent to Cuba by Wm. R. Hearst to draw pictures of Cuba’s fight against Spanish. • Wm. Randolph Hearst Frederick Remington You supply the pictures and I’ll supply the war!

  28. De Lome Letter

  29. Stephen Crane • Young novelist • Wrote The Red Badge of Courage • Sent to Cuba by newspapers • Served as war • correspondent; • Died @ 28 of • Tuberculosis

  30. 5. Sinking of the Maine – Feb 1898 • A. American battleship visiting Cuba blown up • 260 Americans killed • B. Cause: probably fire in a coal bin • C. But, American public goaded on by the Yellow Press – blames SPAIN

  31. Sensationalism – Yellow Journalism

  32. Outbreak of the War • McKinley demands Spain ends camps and negotiate with Cuban rebels • April 11, 1898: McKinley asks Congress to use American armed forces in Cuba • Congress approves on 4-20, and recognizes Cuba’s INDPENDENCE from Spain • Congress adopts Teller Amendment which stated that the United States would not….

  33. Teller Amendment [1898] • Made PRIOR to Sp-Am War • U.S. could NOT ANNEX Cuba • US must “leave control of island to its People” • Superceded by PLATT AMENDMENT

  34. CONDUCT OF THE WAR • Battle Cry = “Remember the Maine, • to HELL with Spain!”

  35. George Dewey • Victorious Admiral at • Battle of Manila Bay [Philippines]

  36. Leonard Wood • Technically commander • of the “Rough Riders” • Brigadier General in Cuba during Sp-Am War • Appointed military gov. of Cuba • Helped write the constitution of Cuba

  37. Rough Riders – San Juan Hill

  38. THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND THE “ROUGH RIDERS” IN CUBA

  39. Buffalo Soldiers

  40. Treaty of Paris Dec 1898 • Ended 16 - week war

  41. Terms- Treaty of Paris - 1898 • Spain agreed • 1) CUBA independent • 2) Puerto Rico and Guam “given” to USA • 3) Philippines sold to USA for $20 Million

  42. Platt Amendment - post-war • Followed Sp – Am War • Cuba must accept for US to withdraw • Cuba could not allow foreign powers to control it • USA could lease land for naval base – Guantanamo Bay

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