THE AGE OF U.S. IMPERIALISM

1. THE AGE OFU.S. IMPERIALISM • “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” - T. Roosevelt

2. IMPERIALISM - definitions • 1. Imperialism = the quest to build up a territorial empire. • 2. Imperialism = control by powerful nation(s) over a less advanced or less civilized area.

3. POWERFUL NATION • USUALLY CHARACTERIZED BY • Advanced Economy (Industrial) • Strong Government • Considerable Military Strength

4. The “Less Advanced” Area • CHARACTERIZED BY • Primitive economy (pre-industrial) • Underdeveloped natural resources • Weak government • Limited military power *Imperialism has also been called Colonialism

5. BACKGROUND - Imperialism • US. Imperialism – response to EuropeanImperialism • 1. Fundamental Cause: Industrial Revolution Industrialized nations desired colonies to provide: • a) cheap supply of raw materials • b) a market for the mother country’s goods • c) large profits w/ minimum risk on investment of SURPLUS CAPITAL

6. 2. Other Causes: • Used NATIONALIST arguments to gains support for EMPIRE BUILDING. • a) gain glory & achieve a “place in the Sun” • b) secure essential military bases & war materials • c) provide an outlet for surplus population • d) provide safety - missionaries spread Christianity • E) bring to the backward areas the “blessings of the civilized culture” of the West [Europe & USA]

7. This “Duty” of the West • Labeled by RUDYARD KIPLING as • The “White Man’s Burden”

8. REASONS for U.S. turn to IMPERIALISM • 1) Industrial Revolution • 2) Closing of the FRONTIER– leadsinvestors to look elsewhere for economic opportunity

9. 3. EXAMPLE of other Nations (Imperialist) • a. British Empire controlled over ¼ of World’s territory and population

10. The British Empire

11. qControlled the Suez Canal in Egypt • 101 miles long • Connects Mediterranean with RED SEA

12. British Imperialists • Cecil Rhodes wanted a CAIRO to CAPE Empire • Cairo is in EGYPT • CAPETOWN is in South Africa • Cartoon: “Colossus of Rhodes”

13. qThe BRITISH Empire’s “Crown Jewel” = • “THE SUBCONTINENT”AKA INDIA

14. q“THE LAND DOWNUNDER” • AKA Australia

15. “The Sun never sets on the UnionJack”

16. 4. American NATIONALISM

18. SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898) • Causes of the War: • 1. Despotic Spanish rule over Cuba • A. Spain denied civil liberties & political rights • B. Levied heavy taxes – restricted foreign trade • C. Ruthlessly suppressed rebellions • D. Spain finally abolished slavery in 1886 • E. Economic depression brings another revolt for INDEPENDENCE

19. 2. AmericanHumanitarianism& sympathy • A. Sympathized with desire for independence • B. Outraged when over 200,000 Cubans died in concentration camps of hunger and disease

20. 3. ECONOMIC INTERESTS • A. American merchants traded with Cuba to the amount of $100 Million a year • B. American investors placed $50 million in sugar and tobacco plantations.

21. 4. “Yellow Journalism” • A. William Randolph Hearst – NY Journal • B. Joseph Pulitzer – New York World • C. Both Newspapers sought to increase circulation by sensationalized news stories. 3) Hearst’s Journal printed the Delome Letter Spanish ambassador calls McKinley “weak”

22. William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer

23. Pulitzer vs. Hearst

24. De Lome Letter

26. 5. Sinking of the Maine – Feb 1898 • A. American battleship visiting Cuba blown up • 260 Americans killed • B. Cause: probably fire in a coal bin • C. But, American public goaded on by the Yellow Press – blames SPAIN

27. Sensationalism – Yellow Journalism

30. Outbreak of the War • McKinley demands Spain ends camps and negotiate with Cuban rebels • April 11, 1898: McKinley asks Congress to use American armed forces in Cuba • Congress approves on 4-20, and recognizes Cuba’s INDPENDENCE from Spain • Congress adopts Teller Amendment which stated that the United States would not….

31. Teller Amendment [1898] • Made PRIOR to Sp-Am War • U.S. could NOT ANNEX Cuba • US must “leave control of island to its People” • Superceded by PLATT AMENDMENT

32. CONDUCT OF THE WAR • Battle Cry = “Remember the Maine, • to HELL with Spain!”

33. George Dewey • Victorious Admiral at • Battle of Manila Bay [Philippines]

37. Bell Work • List 4 new territories the US acquired between 1898 and 1920:

38. Rough Riders – San Juan Hill

40. Buffalo Soldiers

41. Treaty of Paris Dec 1898 • Ended 16 - week war

42. Terms- Treaty of Paris - 1898 • Spain agreed • 1) CUBA independent • 2) Puerto Rico and Guam “given” to USA • 3) Philippines sold to USA for $20 Million

43. Platt Amendment - post-war • Followed Sp – Am War • Cuba must accept for US to withdraw • Cuba could not allow foreign powers to control it • USA could lease land for naval base – Guantanamo Bay

44. Protectorate • Cuba becomes a Protectorate of USA • Protectorate = a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger nation

45. PRO-Annexation Educate Filipinos Uplift Filipinos Civilize Filipinos ANTI-Annexation Violated the Declaration of Independence Denied Self-Government to the new territories Introduced more racial problems Annexation Debate - Philippines William Howard Taft, Governor of Philippines

46. The “Bolo War” • AKAthe Filipino Rebellion • AKA Philippine-American War • Lasted 3 years • Guerilla War • Filipinos fight for independence • Led by Emilio Aguinaldo

47. Meiji Restoration – Japanlate 19th C • Movement to modernize Japan • Begins w/Commodore Matthew Perry’s visit • Japan begins to adopt Western ways • Built up navy

49. GREAT WHITE FLEET

50. Spheres of Influence • Ports or regions where a foreign nation retains exclusive rights over trade, mines, rails, etc.