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Understand statistical sampling methods and its application to draw valid conclusions about a population. Learn about types and advantages of statistical sampling and how it aids in auditing. Explore sampling vs non-sampling errors. Methods to measure errors. Steps in auditing with statistical sampling.
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A sample is a group of units selected from larger group (the population). By studying the sample one hopes to draw valid conclusion about the population.It may be statistical or nonstatistical. What is a sample ?
The essential features of statistical sampling are: 1) The sample units (or transactions) should have a known probability of selection. 2) The sample result should be evaluated mathematically, that is in accordance with probability theory. What is Statistical Sampling ? Comptroller & Auditor General of India
The sample results are objective and defensible as it is free from any kind of bias. The method provides a means of advance estimate of sample size. The method provides an estimate of the sampling error. It can save time & money. Statistical samples may be combined and evaluated , even though accomplished by different auditors. Advantages of Statistical Sampling Comptroller & Auditor General of India
In attribute sampling one selects the sampling unit randomly to estimate number of time an event occur in the population .It answer the question, How many ? In variable sampling one selects the sampling the sampling unit randomly to estimate population average or total.It answer the question, How much? Two broad categories of Statistical Sampling Comptroller & Auditor General of India
Sampling error is generated due to failure of selecting the representative sample .It is measurable under statistical sampling . Non-sampling error is generated due to failure of measurement of true characteristic(s).Which may be due to, i) non-response ii) measurement error iii)fatigue & iv)others.which can be controlled my better training & management etc.There is no standard procedure to measure this error. Sampling vs. Non-sampling error Comptroller & Auditor General of India
Simple Random Sampling Systematic Random Sampling Probability Proportional to Size Monetary Unit Sampling Stratified Sampling Cluster sampling Multistage Sampling Types of Statistical Sampling Comptroller & Auditor General of India
Objective Population definition Degree of precision desired The Sampling Frame Selection of samples Preparation of Questionnaires/Data Format Audit of selected units. Recoding of audit observation in the prescribed data format Statistical evaluation of survey results Report writing The principal steps in auditing using statistical sampling : Comptroller & Auditor General of India