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The Human Menstrual Cycle!

The Human Menstrual Cycle!. Consists of 3 distinct phases The cycle is typically 28 days It is not always 28 days for all women all the time For example Athletics / stress / malnutrition may cause a cycle to STOP

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The Human Menstrual Cycle!

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  1. The Human Menstrual Cycle! • Consists of 3 distinct phases • The cycle is typically 28 days • It is not always 28 days for all womenall the time • For example Athletics/stress/malnutrition may cause a cycle to STOP • Or some women may based on stress/age/ health have longer or shorter cycles

  2. I – Menstrual Phase: • Occurs between Day 28/1 to Day 3-4 • Most hormones are low (FSH, LH, Progesterone & Estrogen), but Oxytocin is HIGH. • The endometrium lining breaks down to be SHED • 1st day of bleeding is the 1st day of the NEW CYCLE • 2-8 day loss period, where 20-80ml of blood is SHED

  3. II – Follicular Phase: • Named for the developing FOLLICLE (Day 4-14) • Release of FSH & LH increases • The ovary is stimulated to release ESTROGEN • ENDOMETRIUM thickens to support the IMPLANTATION of the ZYGOTE! • Ovulation occurs at the peak of FSH & LH release (Day 14) • Body temperature increases at the time of ovulation • Fertility remains high for 3-5 days!

  4. III – Luteal Phase: • Named for the CORPUS LUTEUM (forms after Ovulation) (Day 14-25) • The envelop of the Follicle becomes the CORPUS LUTEUM • Corpus Luteum produces PROGESTERONE a)   maintains the endometrium b)   –ve feedback to APG to stop FSH release  Why is this important?

  5. III – Luteal Phase… • Corpus Luteum maintains progesterone throughout pregnancy or until Day 25 if no fertilization has occurred! • PLACENTA eventually takes over PROGESTERONE production to maintain the PREGNANCY! see green line above, it may continue for 9 months!

  6. A simple view of Pro & Estro & Endometrium

  7. See your handout & write Note the peaks of each hormone & when they occur!

  8. How Menstrual Feedback works!*** write on your handout*** • Hypothalamus contains the chemoreceptors that respond to increasing Progesterone & Estrogen levels (Pro & Estro) • As Pro & Estro increase the hypothalamus stops release of GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing HormonePuberty initiator) • As GnRH decreases the APG ceases FSH & LH release RU Ready!

  9. How Menstrual Feedback works… • After Day 14 no more eggs will be stimulated to grow! WHY? • This is the basis of the PILL mimic an existing –ve feedback system by introducing Pro & Estro during the Follicular Phase! • Pill is also medicinal  regulate cycles, treats menstrual disorders (like endometriosis) etc • Our Catholic Faith calls for us to examine our reasons for this artificial treatment to the body & the decisions we make! • It is not meant to cheat our biological nature & abdicate our responsibilities for the creation of life!

  10. See your handout & write • Note the targets of estrogen & progesterone! • Also note the event before & afterovulation!

  11. What Now! • Menstrual Cycle Review Worksheet 1, 4, & 5 • STS assignments on CLONING • Dolly the 1st mammal clone A sheep • Now Pigs for various reasons • What next  Humans for various reasons!

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