A Gender Perspective on the 2005 Census of Korea

1. A Gender Perspective on the 2005 Census of Korea - Focusing on “Economic Activity and Living Expense of the Aged” January 27, 2009. Changick Kang, KNSO Presented at the Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Accra Ghana, 26-28 January 2009

2. Equity Introduction Population and Housing Census of Korea A gender perspective on Economic Activity of 2005 Population Census A gender perspective on Living Expense of the aged Conclusion Contents

3. 2. Why is “Gender statistics” important ? Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅰ.What is “Gender statistics” ? “Gender statistics is statistics that adequatelyreflect differences and inequalities in the situation of women and men in all areas of life.” - UN’ definition ◈ It is important because one can disaggregate individual data by sex and other characteristics to reveal those differences or inequalities, and can collect data on specific issues that affect one sex more than the other ◈ And the result can be used for a policy making that willimprove equalities between woman and man. 1

4. 3. Why is “Gender statistics” needed in Census ? Census is to collect the data from all the people within a country’s territory. The use of Population Census data is akey component of Gender StatisticsProgram From now on, I would like to present a gender perspective on“Economic Activity, and Living Expense of the Aged” according to the 2005 Population and Housing Census of Korea 2

5. Dokdo Ⅱ. Population and Housing Census of Korea 1. Outline of Population Census Purpose To clarifythe size, structure, distribution, and characteristics of the population, households and housing of Korea 3

6. Scope & Coverage Census day & Enumeration period • Census day : November 1 • (17th Census conducted in 2005) • Enumeration period : 15 days • * Every 5 years since 1925 • * Population, Household, and Housing The Census covers all areas incorporated within the scope of the administrative jurisdiction of Republic of Korea The Population Census Methods of data collection Release of the 2005 Census • Short Forms : July 2006 • Long Forms : December 2006 “Self enumeration”, “Interview”, and “Internet survey” 4

7. Short form Long form ⊙ has 41 items including 21 items of Short Form ⊙ collect data from 10% of the population • ⊙ has 21 items • ⊙ collect data from • 90% of the population Two forms of census 2. The items of 2005 Population Census 5

8. Items of 2005 Census 6

9. Ⅲ. A gender perspective on Economic Activity of 2005 Population Census 1. Background The total population has slightly increased from 45,985,289 in 2000 to 47,041,434 in 2005, and the number of women exceeded that of men in 2005 7

10. According to the results of economic activity, the total number of employed persons has increased from 18,456,147 in 2000 to 19,277,370 in 2005 The number of women participating in economic activity has also increased from 6,916,229 (37.5%) to 7,375,387 (38.3%) Female labor power was important to Korea’s economic growth 8

11. 2. The data of Economic Activity ◈According to the results of economic activity by gender and industry, over 60% of all workers were classified as “employees”. ◈The rate of unpaid family worker was higher in women than in men. < Status of employment (over 15 Years old) by Gender > (unit : %) 9

12. < Types of jobs by Gender (over 15 Years old) > (unit : %) ◈ In results by types of jobs, there was no significant difference in professional managers between men and women. ◈ However, more women worked at the areas of service & sales while more men at craft, machine operators & elementary occupations. 10

13. < Ratio of employment by gender and a status of marriage (over 15 Years old) > (unit: person, %) ◈ When we analyze these results by ‘married or unmarried’, there were differences between men and women. ◈ Before marriage, men’ employment ratio was the same as that of female. ◈ However, after marriage, men participated actively in the labor market, while women appeared to withdraw from the labor market. 11

14. ◈ The item, child care introduced in 2000 census, could explain why such a difference took place. ◈ The presence of children clearly influenced economic activities of women, with preschool children inhibiting the participation of women in the economic activity greater than schoolchildren. ◈ Among the workers employed, the rate of women who have jobs and preschool children is only 8.4 %, while that of men is 16.8%. < Ratio of employment by gender and their children age (over 15 Years old) > 12

15. Children who are in need of parent’s care especially to the women. could play an important role in the labor market, This type of gender statistics clearly showed what inhibited gender equity in Republic of Korea. This shows that 13

16. ① encourage more “participationof women in the labor market.” 3. The use of the results – Policy making The results of economic activity and child care collected in the 2005 Population Census wereused to Ratio of female employment Child-care Institution (unit : Number of Institution) ② improve the “welfare of female workers” 14

17. Ⅳ.A gender perspective on Living Expense of the aged 1. Background of selecting the item, Living Expense of the aged ◈ The number of elderly persons over 65 years sharply increased from 3,371,806(7.3%) in 2000 to 4,365,218 (9.3%) in 2005. ◈ When we classify the society by the proportion of elderly people, our society is in the aging society in which the elderly is over 7% of the whole population. Thus, we should prepare for the welfare of the elderly. ◈ To find the situations of the elderly and make a policy for improving the life of old persons, we selected at 2005 Census the item, living expense of the aged. 15

18. < The aged (over 65 years old) by gender> 2. The data of Living Expense ◈ The number of persons over 65 has increased from 3,371,806 (7.3%) in 2000 to 4,365,218 (9.3%) in 2005, and the number of the elderly women has also increased from 2,084,409 in 2000 to 2,628,872 in 2005. ◈ The proportion of the elderly women were 60.2% in 2005 while men were 39.8%. 16

19. <The Aged by sex and source of living expenses (over 65 years old)> ◈ When analyzing the results of Living Expense in 2005 Population Census, women were more dependent upon their children and government subsidies than men. ◈ About 22.2% of men over 65 had their own jobs, but only 11.4% of women had jobs. 17

20. ① Teaching the elderly for jobs ② Giving ”job opportunity” 3. The use of the results – Policy making ◈ The data of living expense collected in 2005 Population Census were used for making policies to improve thewelfare of the elderly. - giving vocational educationto the elderly - encouraging them, especially women, to participate in the labor market. 18

21. Ⅴ. Conclusion ◈To achieve gender equity, gender statistics is important and systematic approaches such aslaws, planswhich guarantee and encourage the production ofgender statistics,are needed. ◈ KNSO will continue to put emphasis on a gender perspective on the Population Census, and to supplement the gender statistics in the future. 19

22. Thank You ! Q & A