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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Enhanced Entity-Relationship modeling Transparencies. Chapter 12 - Objectives. The main concepts associated with the Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) model called specialization / generalization and categorization.

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Enhanced Entity-Relationship modeling Transparencies

  2. Chapter 12 - Objectives • The main concepts associated with the Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) model called specialization / generalization and categorization. • A diagrammatic technique for displaying specialization / generalization and categorization in an EER model.

  3. The Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model • Since the 1980s there has been an increase in the emergence of new database applications with more demanding requirements. • Basic concepts of ER modeling are not sufficient to represent the requirements of the newer, more complex applications. • Response is development of additional ‘semantic’ modeling concepts. 48

  4. The Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model • Semantic concepts are incorporated into the original ER model and is called the Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) model. • Additional concepts of EER model includes specialization / generalization, part/whole, and Categorization. 49

  5. Concept of Specialization / Generalization • Associated with the related concepts of entity types described as superclasses or subclasses and the process of attribute inheritance. • Superclass • An entity type that includes distinct subclasses that require to be represented In a data model. 50

  6. Concept of Specialization / Generalization • Subclass • A subclass is an entity type that has a distinct role and is also a member of the superclass. • Attribute Inheritance • An entity in a subclass may possess subclass specific attributes, as well as those associated with the superclass. 51

  7. Concept of Specialization / Generalization • Generalization • The process of minimising the differences between entities by identifying their common features. • Specialization and generalization has disjoint and participation constraints. 52

  8. Subtype and Super-type Faculty Full Time Faculty Part Time Faculty Part (day) Time Faculty Part (Night)Time Faculty

  9. Generalization & Specialization Aircraft Specialization Generalization Commercial Military 747 777 B52 B-1B

  10. Specialization of Staff Entity into Job Roles Subclasses 53

  11. Specialization of Staff Entity into Job Roles and Contract of Employment Subclasses 54

  12. A Shared Subclass called Sales_Trainee 55

  13. Part/Whole Relationship

  14. Categorization • The modeling of a single subclass (called a category) with a relationship that involves more than one distinct superclass. • A category subclass has selective inheritance. • Divided based on total or partial participation. • Total - every occurrence of all superclasses must appear in the category. • Partial - constraint is removed. 56

  15. Property_Owner and Property Categories 57

  16. Property represented as a Specialization / Generalization. 58

  17. Manager’s View of DreamHome Case Study Building an EER Model • Identify entity types. • Identify relationship types. • Determine cardinality and participation constraints of relationship types. • Identify and associate attributes with entity or relationship types. 59

  18. Manager’s View of DreamHome Case Building an EER Model • Determine candidate and primary key attributes. • Specialize / generalize entity types. • Categorize entity types. • Draw the EER Diagram. 60

  19. Manager’s View Major Relationships 61

  20. Manager’s ViewEntities and their attributes 62

  21. Manager’s ViewEntities and their attributes (Continued) 63

  22. Manager’s ViewEntity and primary and alternate keys 64

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