Chapter 12

1. Chapter 12 OTA: Define the following terms using your textbook (not the glossary) 1. Migrate 7. desalinization 2. Bedouins 8. Caliph 3. Kibbutz 9. alluvial plain 4. Moshav 10. embargo 5. Holocaust 11. shah 6. Wadi 12. Islamic Republic

2. Turkey • Asia and Europe are the two continents where Turkey is located • Three waterways join to form the Turkish Straits. They separate Asian Turkey from European Turkey. The Turkish Straits link the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara then to the Mediterranean Sea

3. The plateau of Anatolia is the center of Turkey and is surrounded by mountains • Northern Turkey experiences many earthquakes • Turkish farmers grow cotton, tobacco, fruits and nuts

4. Turkeys seeks to join the European Union • The most important industrial activities in Turkey are oil refining, textiles and clothing • Islam is the main religion in Turkey • Istanbul lies on two continents

5. Istanbul is a major trading center because it lies on the entrance to the Black Sea • The capital of Turkey is Ankara • Migrate means to move from one place to another • The Ottoman Empire, a powerful Muslim group, once ruled much of southeastern Europe

6. Syria • Syria has been the center of world trade for centuries • The land of Syria is a fertile, coastal plain and valley’s; inland mountains and eastern deserts • The main activity in Syria is agriculture • Syria’s dams were built on the Euphrates River for crop irrigation • The main export of Syria is oil

7. Bedouins are nomadic desert people who follow a traditional way of life • The capital of Syria is Damascus • The city of Damascus was founded as a trading center • Most people in Syria practice Islam (they are Arab Muslims)

8. Lebanon • The landscape of Lebanon has densely wooded areas • The majority of Lebanon’s people work in the service industry (banking, insurance) • Products manufactured in Lebanon include food, cement, textiles, chemicals and metal products • The agricultural products grown in Lebanon are citrus fruits, vegetables, grain, olives and grapes

9. The capital of Lebanon is Beirut • European tourists call Beirut the “Paris of the East” because of the elegant shops and sidewalk cafés • The economy of Lebanon was almost destroyed by civil war • French is the official language in Lebanon because France ruled the country before they gained independence in 1946

10. Jordan • Jordan lacks water resources • Farmlands in Jordan receive water through irrigation • Wheat, fruit and vegetables are grown in Jordan • Most people in Jordan work in the service industry and manufacturing • Phosphate, potash, pottery, chemicals and processed foods are manufactured in Jordan

11. The capital of Jordan is Amman • Large Palestinian refugee groups live in Jordan • The Ottoman Empire ruled Jordan prior to WWI • The British set up the territory that became Jordan • Jordan is a Constitutional Monarchy – elected leaders govern the country but the King is the Head of State

12. 12.2 Israel and the Palestinian Territories • OTA:Take a copy of the article “Women in Israel” from the green tray. Read the article then copy and answer the questions. DO NOT write on my sheet.

13. Israel’s Land and Climate • Mountain’s of Galilee in Israel’s far north • Golan Heights are east of these mountains • Between Israel and Jordan is the Dead Sea, the lowest place on earth and the earth’s saltiest water • The Negev desert, in southern Israel, covers almost half of Israel • Northern Israel has a Mediterranean Climate and Southern Israel has a desert climate

14. Israel’s Economy • Israel’s best farmland is along the Mediterranean coastal plain – a fertile plain no more than 20 miles wide • Citrus fruit is Israel’s major agricultural export • The deserts of Israel bloom because farmers add fertilizer to the soil use “drip irrigation” • Releasing specific amounts of water from tubes underground • Farmers plant fruits and vegetables that do not absorb salts in the desert. • Because of technology, Israel feeds their own people and exports their excess food

15. Less than 10% of Israel’s people live and work on farms settlements • Kibbutz: people share all of the property • Moshav: people share farming, production and selling but are allowed to own some private property • Israel is the most industrialized country in Southwest Asia because of large amounts of aid given by the United States and European nations • The largest manufacturing center is in Tel Aviv-Yafo • The Dead Sea and the Negev desert are rich in mineral deposits.

16. The Israeli People • 80% of Israeli people are Jews – 20% are Palestinians (mostly Muslims) • Zionists: European Jews who moved back to Palestine (Israel) • In 1947, the United Nations voted to divide Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state • In May 1948, the Jews set up an independent country known as Israel • David Ben-Gurion was the first leader

17. Many conflicts broke out between Israel and its Arab neighbors • During some of the conflicts, Israel won territory such as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. • In 1993, Israel agreed to give the Palestinians the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. • The West Bank lies on the western bank of the Jordan river and surrounds Jerusalem • The Gaza Strip lies on the Mediterranean Coast and borders Egypt • Control over Jerusalem is still an issue between Israelis and Palestinians

18. Jerusalem is the capital of Israel • The “Law of Return” says Jewish people living anywhere in the world can return to Israel and live. • Israel is a democratic republic