El subjuntivo

1. SeñoritaHittie Español III Pre-AP El subjuntivo

2. Tense vs. Mood • Every verb has a tense and a mood • Tense = Time • Past, Present and Future • Mood = Feelings • Outside of time • All about context • 3 Main Moods

3. Mood 1: Indicative • Just the facts • Like a teacher • The regular past, present, and future we have learned Christopher Columbus encontróAmérica en 1492 Vamos a tener un examen el viernes Tenemostareaestanoche

4. Mood 2: Imperative • Commands • Present Tense • Like a parent telling you what to do • Assume that it is going to happen ¡Haz la tarea! ¡No vayas a la fiesta! ¡Limpia la casa!

5. No creoquevayas a aprobar el examen Mood 3: Subjunctive • The mood of doubt and uncertainty • Past, present*, or future • Like a bratty little sister • Doesn’t believe in you • Tells you what to do (doesn’t mean you’ll do it!) • Always talking about her hopes and dreams Sugieroquelimpies mi cuarto Esperoque Esteban salgaconmigo

6. Forming the Subjunctive The formation of the subjunctive is exactly the same as the formation of commands! • Put the verb in the yo form • Ex (Hablar – want tú form): hablo • Drop the –o • habl- • Add the opposite ending • hables

7. What are the “opposite endings?” • Yo – a • Tú – as • Él/Ella/Ud. – a • Nosotros – amos • Ellos/Ellas/Uds – an • Yo – e • Tú – es • Él/Ella/Ud. – e • Nosotros – emos • Ellos/Ellas/Uds – en AR Verbs ER/IR Verbs

8. Irregulars – From “yo” form • e  ie • Mentir – mienta, mientas • Pensar – piense, pienses • e  i • Pedir – pida, pidas, pidan • o  ue • Dormir – duerma, duermas • Contar – cuente, cuentes • Resolver – resuelva • u  ue • Jugar – juegue, juegues • AR & ER: • Back to normal stem • Pensar – pensemos • Contar – contemos • Resolver – resolvamos • IR: • e  i • Mentir – mintamos • Pedir – pidamos • o  u • Dormir - durmamos Stem Changers Nosotros

9. Irregulars – From “yo” form • Hacer – haga, hagamos • Tener – tenga, tengamos • Decir – diga, digas • Poner – ponga, pongas • Salir – salga, salgamos • Traer – traiga, traigamos • Caer – caiga, caigamos • Venir – venga • GER/GIR verbs • Escoger – escoja • Fingir – finja, finjamos • Proteger – proteja • Recoger – recoja Yo-Go’s G-J’s

10. Irregulars – From “yo” form • CER/CIR verbs • Conocer – conozca • Obedecer – obedezca • Ofrecer – ofrezca • Vencer – venza • GUIR verbs • Seguir – siga, sigamos • Conseguir – consiga • Extinguir – extinga • Distinguir – distinga “Snow Cones” Z-C’s GU-G

11. Irregulars – From “yo” form • UIR Verbs • Add “y” in all 5 forms • Construir – construya • Destruir – destruya • Excluir – excluya • Huir – huya, huyamos • Incluir – incluya • IAR and UAR verbs • Accent in all forms except nosotros • Confiar – confíe, confiemos • Desconfiar – desconfíe • Enviar – envíe, enviemos • Esquiar – esquíe, esquiemos • Actuar – actúe, actuemos • Continuar - continúe Added “y” Accented í or ú

12. Irregulars – CAR, GAR, & ZAR • Spell Change in all 5 forms to prevent pronunciation problems • CAR: ce que • Practicar: practique, practiques, practique, practiquemos, practiquen • GAR: ge  gue • Jugar: juegue, juegues, juegue, juguemos, jueguen • ZAR: ze  ce • Empezar: empiece, empieces, empiece, empecemos, empiecen

13. True Irregulars • Dar • dé, des, dé, demos, den • Estar • esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén • Ir • vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan • Use ir + a + infinitive for the future • Saber • sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan • Ser • sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean • Haber • haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan • Use with past participle for present perfect formation

14. What about pronouns? • Here’s one place our conjugation differs from commands. • You MUST put your pronouns (reflexive, reciprocal, direct object, indirect object) BEFORE the conjugated subjunctive verb.

15. What does it all mean? • English does not have a different conjugation for the subjunctive mood. • voy = I go • vaya = I go • The difference is subtle, so we have to think about when we need indicative or subjunctive… • voy = I go (for sure) • vaya = I go (maybe, hopefully, doubtfully, please)

16. Context • To use the subjunctive, first you have to indicate that there is a need for it. • You need to express that there is doubt, uncertainty, hope, or a suggestion. • We express these things through various expressions (see vocab), and use the indicative for this conjugation. • I definitely doubt, hope for, or am suggesting • After that, we use the subjunctive for what it is that we are doubting, hoping, or suggesting • The word “que” acts as a bridge between the indicative and the subjunctive. It allows for a change of mood and a change in subject.

17. Examples