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Is Sustainable Development Path an Option?

Is Sustainable Development Path an Option?. July 20, 2009 By Dr. Rene Castro Rene.castro@incae.edu. Ecoturists are diverse, well educated and expend more. Greece and the Caribbean are positioned in sun and sand tourism, it is only growing at 4% Cultural tourism is growing at 15% per year

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Is Sustainable Development Path an Option?

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  1. Is Sustainable Development Path an Option? July 20, 2009 By Dr. Rene Castro Rene.castro@incae.edu

  2. Ecoturists are diverse, well educated and expend more • Greece and the Caribbean are positioned in sun and sand tourism, it is only growing at 4% • Cultural tourism is growing at 15% per year • Adventure tourism at around 20% Ref. Lawrence Pratt, 2005

  3. Longer visits not always means more money… Tourist visiting Costa Rica: after 10 days diminishing returns for the country Gráfico del autor basado en datos anexos y cálculos propios

  4. Not all tourist niches are equally profitable…cruiships means high leakage Gráficos del autor basado en datos anteriores

  5. SMEs are common in ecoutourism and leakage is less than 20% A- a Typica SME is a rain forestTram in Playa Jacó (Ref. La República, 5 de septiembre de 2002.) Equity$342,016 debt$ 1,368,064 Total $ 1,710,080 B- Mosthotels are around 20 rooms. C- Around 40 cents X $1 expendremains in local communtiesstudy in progress at INCAE, 2009).

  6. Strong sustaibnability Green Energy

  7. Latin American Consumers and El Niño are Exacerbating Environmental Problems: Fossil Fuel Consumption Increasing EL NIÑO EL NIÑO Net Thermal Electricity Generation %

  8. Cash inflow coming from Environmental Services Tomado de Cyclone Wind Energy System, en desarrollo Certificates and titles O2 C CERs CO2 Global Green Markets for CO2 fixed by forest… …cleaner energy and transportation induce by and CO2 markets 4-2-97

  9. Currently fossil fuels only for peak hours in Costa Rica Tomado de: “Plan de expansión de la generación eléctrica, período 2004 – 2020”; ICE. Tomado de Cyclone Wind Energy System, en desarrollo CERs payments help Costa Rica to aimfor 100% renewable power by 2021 • Wind power and biomass closing the gap

  10. Strong Sustainability Biodiversity

  11. Biodiversity: New Products and Services Medicinas Plantas transgénicas Productos Bio-pesticidas Otros Productos (cosméticos) Áreas del conocimiento Agronomía Biología Química Computación Ingeniería Genética Leyes Microbiología Farmacología Insectos Plantas Tipos de muestras Muestras ambientales y ADN Microorganismos Moluscos y organismos marinos Ref. INBIO, 2001

  12. More than 30 Contracts Between INBIO and key industries between 1991-2001, such as: 2001 1991 MERCK 91-99 BTG 92-02 / ECOS –LA PACÍFICA BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB 94-98 RBI 95-98 DIVERSA 98-01 /2001-06 GIVAUDAN ROURE 95-98 INDENA 96-98, 00-02 PHYTERA 98-00 AKKADIX 00-01 Eli Lilly 2000

  13. Strong Sustainability ClimateChange

  14. ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMISSIONS: WHAT IS THE LINK? Ref. Castro and tattembach, 2000

  15. Climate Change is here • Extreme wheatear events are increasing in frequency and magnitude… • Developing countries in permanent reconstruction Dr. René Castro

  16. Arenal Lake, Costa Rica During the 94 summer Arenal Reservoir was about to closed down due to a severe El Niño. It provides around 35% of Costa Rican electricity and surplus for export. El Cajon, Honduras Honduras was no prepared to confront water scarcity. Cajon Hydro plant closed down in 1994. The country faced black outs and had to redesigned Cajon. Large Dams facing changes in rain patterns Dr. René Castro Sweden, June, 2004

  17. In 1983 the Panama Canal water was scarce and bellow the critical level of 84.5 feet... they dug one more meter In 1997 water was scarce again and the lower level of 81.5 did not work... In 2008 Canal Expansion project will reduce water waste by 60% Large infrastructure facing water Budget reductions Dr. René Castro

  18. New Environmental Design Reduction of Human Vulnerability

  19. Conclusions • Sustainable Development is possible but Difficult • Developing Countries need SD strategy to survive Climate Change and Economic Stress • Small Costa Rica could be a pioneer in some areas • There is a need for global leadership

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