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HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America

HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America. SFC Fall 2013 Week 4. Today’ s Agenda Day 6 Week 4. Attendance CANVAS & HUM2461.wordpress.com POPOL VUH Notes and Interpretation 1 st Assignment  Week 4: HW#1 & HW#3 due on Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2013 Pop Quiz. Attendance. CANVAS.

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HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America

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  1. HUM 2461Humanities of Latin America SFC Fall 2013 Week 4

  2. Today’s Agenda Day 6 Week 4 • Attendance • CANVAS & HUM2461.wordpress.com • POPOL VUH • Notes and Interpretation • 1st Assignment  Week 4: HW#1 & HW#3 due on Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2013 • Pop Quiz

  3. Attendance

  4. CANVAS

  5. hum2461.wordpress.com hum2461 Humanities of Latin America Home Announcements Fall 2013 Lessons Papers and Essay Videos WHE Work Schedule

  6. TEOTIHUACAN CHICHEN ITZA AZTEC TIKAL

  7. Reminder: Maya Periods • Pre-Classic: 3500 BCE – 353 • Classic: 353 – 900 • Post-Classic: 900 – 1523 (1697)

  8. Mayas Terminology religio mythic stylization / realism admiratio horror vacui Syncretism depending on period: Early: none Late: lots * Mayan art

  9. TIMELINE Maya Civilization

  10. Notes on PopolVuh The Maya Sacred Book is the book of the Quiché People

  11. Writers of the PopolVuh What did the Mayas write on?

  12. "writing" (tz’ib’) + "he who writes" (ah tz’ib’) _____________________________________ It is a description of the act of writing

  13. Notes on Popol Vuh (1) 2500 BCE – 1550 CE: oral text Myth: "gift of Quetzalcóatl to humans" 353 CE: Mayas invent 365-day calendar ca. 1550: Maya Quiché Diego Reynoso, town councilman Santa Cruz Quiché, Guatemala ca. 1700: Fr. Francisco Ximénez Spanish translation Newberry Library, Chicago

  14. Notes on Popol Vuh (1a) Three parts: Part 1  9chapters Part 2 14 chapters Part 3  5 chapters The oldest literary/religious printed work in Latin America (16th Century edition). Oral text (between 2500 B.C.E. and 1550 C.E.)

  15. Notes on PopolVuh Three parts: Part 1  9chapters Part 2 14 chapters Part 3  5 chapters PART I CHAPTERS 1-9

  16. Part 1: Chapter1  Just water. Creation of FLORA begins. Heart of Heaven are 3 gods: 1. CaculháHuracán 2. ChipiCaculhá 3. Raxa-Caculhá. Chapter 2  Creation of FAUNA begins. -- Forefathers give ROLES and MISSIONS to animals. 1stDESTRUCTION: FAUNA. THEN IT COMES 1st creation of man: made of mud. 2nd DESTRUCTION: mud man. THEN IT COMES 2nd creation of man: made of wood (tzité) Chapter 3  3rd DESTRUCTION: wooden man. Chapter 4  VUCUB-CAQUIX reigned. Not face of SUN or MOON, JUST HIM.

  17. Part 1: Chapter5 Hunahpú and Xbalanqué (the twin brothers) appeared. What learned VUCUB-CAQUIX is superficial, ambitious and egocentric. “not become vain” Chapter 6  Description of the DESTRUCTION of Vucub-Caquix and his two sons: Zipacnáand Cabracán. VUCUB-CAQUIX was injured by a discharge from Hun-Hunahpú's blowgun which struck him squarely in the jaw. Chapter 7  Story about Zipacnáand the four hundred boys. Chapter 8  Death of Zipacná. Chapter9  Death of Cabracán“Lure him to where the sun rises” Birth of Hunahpú and Xbalanqué (the twin brothers).

  18. Notes on PopolVuh (1b) Religious (creation and gods). 4 Codex (books) found The Paris Codex (1930s) The Grolier Codex (1970s) The Dresden Codex (1810, Alexander von Humbolt) The Madrid Codex (Under possession of Juan de Tro y Ortolano in Madrid in 1866)

  19. The Peresianus Codex (France)

  20. The Grolier Codex (Mexico,1970s)

  21. The Codex Dresdensis (Germany)

  22. The Tro-Cortesianus Codex (Spain)

  23. Notes on Popol Vuh (2) Retranslation into Maya Quiché Opening 2 lines: Are, u xe 'ohertzih. Varal K'iche, u bi. • This is the root of the former word. • Here is Quiché by name.

  24. Notes on Popol Vuh (3) Genre: near-heroic myth and history no single hero myth and history of a people (Quiché Maya) origins to 1550 Coherent literary work order, scope, unity, episodes PopolVuh: totality of the Maya Epoch Next Epoch: "Holy Cross"

  25. Notes on PopolVuh (4) 4 Mythic Cycles: 1stCycle: wood "men" puppets (to line 820) 2ndCycle: destruction of 7 Parrot & sons (l. 1674) 3rdCycle: Hero twins become Sun & Moon (l. 4708) 4thCycle: ½ of whole text (men learn to pray) first Fathers to present Heart of Heaven & Earth

  26. Notes on PopolVuh (5) Quiché people in 4th creation First Fathers, from corn by creator Quiché: most powerful Maya in Guatemala in 1550 Modern Quiché call their language Cakchiquel Quiché society: patriarchal, patrilineal, patrilocal "God" in Quiché: Dios qahavixel Public religious drama / private divination

  27. Notes on PopolVuh (6) Quiché (Yucatán, Aztec) calendar: sacred mystery Quiché "count of days" 260 days (13 deified numbers x 20 days) Solar calendar: 18 months x 20 days) + 5 year cycles only begin on 4 days (of 20 days) 13-year cycle x 4 beginning days = 52 years

  28. Notes on PopolVuh (7) Toltec / Aztec influence 900 – 1500 military & religious terms Place: Utatlán, Guatemala (sacred geography) Rivers, mountains, highlands, volcanoes, valleys Quiché came from Tula (myth) PopolVuh: chronicle of one lineage: Kaveks of Quiché Pedro de Alvarado conquered Quichés 1524-1525

  29. Quetzalcóatl(968 – 1025) 968 Quetzalcóatl to Tula arrived from east light skin red beard priest-king became demi-god monotheism civilization peace defeated by war priest-god

  30. Quetzalcóatl 968 Quetzalcóatl to Tula defeated by war priest-god 1000 Quetzalcóatl from Tula to ChichénItzá Kukulkán (in Maya language) did same for Mayan capital defeated by war priest-god 1025 Quetzalcóatl from ChichénItzá on boat sailed east promised to return similar in PopolVuh Tezcatlipoca

  31. 1stAssigment • Week 4: HW#1 (1-12) & HW#3 (1-13) due today. Points off if HW isnottyped

  32. http://www.famsi.org/mayawriting/codices/

  33. Pre-Aztec/Aztec Chronology

  34. Pre-Aztec/Aztec Chronology By Culture Olmeca Teotihuacanos Tolteca Azteca

  35. Pre-Aztec/Aztec Chronology Tabasco Teotihuacán Tula Tenochtitlán By Town

  36. Pre-Aztec/Aztec Dates 1400 – 300 BCE 100 BCE - 750 900 - 1200 1300 - 1521

  37. Pre-Aztecs (English) 3 Peoples Olmecs (1400 BCE – 300 BCE) Cuicuilco teotihuacanos (100 BCE – 750) Toltecs (900 – 1100)

  38. Pre-Azteca (español) 3 Pueblos olmeca (1400 BCE – 300 BCE) Cuicuilco teotihuacanos (100 BCE – 750) tolteca (900 – 1100)

  39. OLMECAS Tabasco (1400 BCE – 300 BCE)

  40. Olmec civilization is the mother culture of Mesoamerica

  41. Typical Olmeca Artifacts • A. Megalithic statues. • Helmeted heads. • Show a "masculine ideal.” • They have "oriental"-shaped eyes and a "jaguar" mouth, which is turned down at the corners. • B. Stone altars with bas-reliefs; tombs; boxes; jade carvings.

  42. TEOTIHUACANOS Cuicuilco (600 BCE – 450 BCE) Cuicuilco Xitle Volcano

  43. Cuicuilco (600 BCE – 100 BCE): 20,000Cuicuilco = “Place of Song / Many Colors”Cuicuilco Ehécatl (god of wind) Huehuetéotl (old god / god of old age)Xitle (100 BCE) Teotihuacán

  44. Toltecs 900-1200 CE Tula (North of Teotihuacan) 968: Topiltzin Quetzalcóatl Atlantes (knight warriors)

  45. See you Thursday Hasta el jueves À jeudi Até à quinta feira

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