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CTO Challenge

CTO Challenge. William Tschudi wftschudi@lbl.gov 510-495-2417 February 27, 2008. Selected LBNL Data Center findings Future bold moves. Benchmarks of energy end use. Overall electrical power use. Courtesy of Michael Patterson, Intel Corporation. Your mileage will vary.

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CTO Challenge

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  1. CTO Challenge William Tschudi wftschudi@lbl.gov 510-495-2417 February 27, 2008

  2. Selected LBNL Data Center findings • Future bold moves

  3. Benchmarks of energy end use

  4. Overall electrical power use Courtesy of Michael Patterson, Intel Corporation

  5. Your mileage will vary The relative percentages of the energy doing computing varied considerably.

  6. High level metric— Ratio of electricity delivered to IT equipment Average .57 Higher is better Source: LBNL Benchmarking

  7. High level metric— CTO Challenge – get everyone to this level Average .57 Source: LBNL Benchmarking

  8. INPUTS • Description • Utility bill data • System information • IT • Cooling • Power • On-site gen OUTPUTS Overall picture of energy use and efficiency End-use breakout Potential areas for energy efficiency improvement Overall energy use reduction potential On-line profiling tool: “Data Center Pro”

  9. Major Program Elements 1. Develop and test “DC Pro” Software using pilot energy assessments 2. Create consensus metrics 3. Create and publicize Save Energy Now case studiesbased on pilot energy assessments 4. Create best practice information and a training curriculum 5. Develop Qualified Specialists program for Data Centers 6. Create guidelines for “Best-in-Class” data center within various classes of data centers, including strategies for incorporating distributed generation technologies DOE Save Energy Now Data Center program

  10. Industrial Technologies Program • Tool suite & metrics • Energy baselining • Training • Qualified specialists • Case studies • Certification of continual improvement • Recognition of high energy savers • Best practice information • Best-in-Class guidelines • Federal Energy Management Program • Best practicesshowcased at Federal data centers • Pilot adoption of Best-in-Class guidelines at Federal data centers • Adoption of to-be-developed industry standard for Best-in-Class at newly constructed Federal data centers • Industry • Tools • Metrics • Training • Best practice information • Best-in-Class guidelines • IT work productivity standard • EPA • Metrics • Server performancerating & ENERGY STAR label • Data center performance benchmarking

  11. Energy assessment tools Data Center Assessment Output Overall energy performance (baseline) of data center Performance of IT & infrastructure subsystems compared to benchmarks Prioritized list of energy efficiency actions and their savings, in terms of energy cost ($), source energy (Btu), and carbon emissions (Mtons) On-Site Gen Renewables Co-gen Power Systems UPS Distribution IT Module Servers Storage & networking Software Cooling Air Mgmt CRAC/CRAH AHU Chillers

  12. Energy efficiency opportunities are everywhere • Better air management • Better environmental conditions • Move to liquid cooling • Optimized chilled-water plants • Use of free cooling • Load management • Server innovation Power Conversion & Distribution Server Load/ComputingOperations Cooling Equipment • On-site generation • Waste heat for cooling • Use of renewable energy/fuel cells • High voltage distribution • Use of DC power • Highly efficient UPS systems • Efficient redundancy strategies AlternativePower Generation

  13. HVAC best practices Air Management Air Economizers Humidification Control Centralized Air Handlers Low Pressure Drop Systems Fan Efficiency Cooling Plant Optimization Water Side Economizer Variable Speed Chillers Variable Speed Pumping Direct Liquid Cooling

  14. Electrical best practices UPS systems Self-generation AC-DC distribution Standby generation

  15. Best practices and IT equipment Power supply efficiency Standby/sleep power modes IT equipment fans Virtualization Load shifting

  16. Best Practices—Cross-cutting and misc. issues Motor efficiency Right sizing Variable speed drives Lighting Maintenance Continuous Commissioning and Benchmarking Heat Recovery Building Envelope Redundancy Strategies

  17. Design guidelines for ten best practices were developed Guides available through LBNL’s website & PG&E’s Energy Design Resources website

  18. Broaden recommended and allowable ranges of environmental conditions Debunk contamination and ESD fears Move to liquid cooling Integrate computing equipment and the building Minimize power conversion loss - end to end Facilitate IT – Facilities – CFO understanding CTO Challenge – Some bold steps to improve energy efficiency (and save your customers money)

  19. Broaden recommended and allowable ranges of environmental conditions HVAC can be greatly reduced if higher temperatures can be used for cooling IT equipment (using air or liquid) ASHRAE addressing this but not based upon science IT equipment operating at 80º F or higher has huge energy implications CTO Challenge

  20. Temperature guidelines – at the inlet to IT equipment ASHRAE Allowable Maximum ASHRAE Recommended Maximum ASHRAE Recommended Minimum ASHRAE Allowable Minimum

  21. Humidity guidelines – at the inlet to IT equipment ASHRAE Allowable Maximum ASHRAE Recommended Maximum ASHRAE Recommended Minimum ASHRAE Allowable Minimum

  22. CTO challenge: Broaden environmental conditions ASHRAE Allowable Maximum ASHRAE Recommended Maximum ASHRAE Recommended Minimum ASHRAE Allowable Minimum

  23. Total Power/IT Power Metric 1.2 for planned LBNL supercomputer facility Average of Facilities Measured-1.74

  24. Debunk contamination and ESD fears Direct use of outside air for cooling can result in large HVAC savings but fears of contamination hinder its adoption LBNL studies suggest this should not be a problem Failure data due to contamination has been requested – none has been produced ESD is poorly understood. CTO Challenge

  25. Outdoor measurements IBM Standard EPA 24-Hour Health Standard EPA Annual Health Standard and ASHRAE Standard

  26. Measurements inside the centers IBM Standard EPA 24-Hour Health Standard EPA Annual Health Standard and ASHRAE Standard

  27. Move to liquid cooling Liquid can remove 3500 times as much heat as air Liquid cooling could eliminate (or greatly reduce) the need for chillers Liquid is creeping in now – how to accelerate it? CTO Challenge

  28. Integrate computing equipment and the building Often multiple fans in series air and liquid cooling High delta T is efficient Eliminate boxes Control HVAC from servers on board sensors (Demo being planned) CTO Challenge

  29. Minimize power conversion loss - end to end On site generation Distribute high voltage AC or DC Eliminate conversions with use of DC Insist on high efficiency power supplies and UPS Optimize DC conversions in the box AC to the chip? Redundancy CTO Challenge

  30. Measured UPS efficiency Redundant Operation

  31. 5V Internal Drive PWM/PFC Switcher Unregulated DC To Multi Output Regulated DC Voltages Bypass 12V External Drive 3.3V I/O 12V 1.5/2.5V In Out DC/DC Memory Controller AC/DC 1.1V-1.85V 12V DC/DC m Processor Battery/Charger Rectifier Inverter 3.3V SDRAM 3.3V Graphics Controller Voltage Regulator Modules AC/DC Multi output Power Supply Data Center power conversions AC DC DC AC Server Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Power Distribution Unit (PDU)

  32. UPS factory measurements Typical Operation

  33. Power supply efficiency Typical operation

  34. Facilitate IT – Facilities – CFO understanding Disconnect between facilities and IT Operating budget vs capital budget Operating cost equals or exceeds capital cost of IT equipment How to get CFO’s engaged? CTO and CFO Challenge

  35. websites: http://hightech.lbl.gov/datacenters/ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/saveenergynow/partnering_data_centers.html

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