Avery McMahon, Alexis Coates, Julia Bottcher

1. The Puritan Period (1620-1750) Avery McMahon, Alexis Coates, Julia Bottcher

2. Information About The Puritan Time Period • The term Puritan was first used in the late 1500's to identify a party within the Church of England, which was the national church. • Involved in a special movement of the 1500’s and 1600’s • Movement started in England and traveled to America where it influenced the social, political, and religious institutions • Emphasized devotion, grace, prayer, and self-examination to the religious virtue. • Encouraged Bible reading, prayer, and preaching in worship services.

3. Themes • Emphasis on purification- Believed inremoving all impurities. • Being plain – Only liked in the plain style of writing because the ornate style would be vanity. • Religion – Thecenter of the laws, government, and life style. • Original Sin – The relationto Adam and Eve • Hard work needed in life – Had to begin there own town, and government system. • Everyone’s fate is in God’s hands – Eventually got tired of all the witch craft and getting convicted because of it.

4. Types of Literature • Histories – The purpose was to provide spiritual insight and instruction. • Journals and Diaries –Both journals and diaries were the serious kinds of self- examination that the Puritans practiced in other aspects of their lives. Many wrote about the religious and political struggles going on during these times and the travel that they concurred.

5. Types of Literature • Poetry – written as a spiritual enlightenment, and was less concerned about its message, and not with its literary form. A few excellent Puritan poets emerged in the 1600’s.William Penn said he did not know” a language spoken in Europe that hath words of more sweetness and greatness.”

6. Types of Literature • Sermons – Religion dominated the lives of the Puritans therefore there was many sermons. The Puritans considered the Bible as the true law of God that provided guidelines for church government. They also organized their government according to the teachings that they found in the Bible. The Puritans produced neither non-fiction or drama, they believed it was regarded as sinful.

7. The Native Americans • Lived in North America 30 times longer than Europeans-exact date is unknown. • Instructed Europeans in agriculture & introduced them to maize, beans, squash, maple sugar, snowshoes, toboggans & birch bark canoes. • Oral traditions- no printed versions of literature.

8. The Puritans • Very religious • Critical of Church in England-known as Separatists because they gave up on purifying the church and withdrew from it • Sailed to America on the Mayflower in 1620 • Hoped to establish a community guided strictly by the bible • Wanted a theocracy government- under immediate guidance of God • Had central beliefs that humans exist for the glory or God • Known as Pilgrims today

9. Anne Bradstreet(1612-1672) • Born in Northampton, England • First important American poet • Father, Thomas Dudley was steward of the Earl of Lincoln-grew up in a cultivated household • Had older brother and four younger sisters • Father tutored her for education; read scriptures, theology, philosophy and literature in Earl’s library • Married Simon Bradstreet at age 16- mother of eight • Simon was a judge and later became a royal councilor and governor • Known for “The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up In America”- collection of her poems & delt with her religious ideas • “Contemplations” and “On the Burning of Her House” were best poems- describe home life in colonial New England

10. Jonathan Edwards(1703-1758) • Born in East Windsor, Connecticut • Famous minister of Puritan New England; philosopher, preacher, revivalist, & theologian • Was a leading intellectual figure in colonial America • Entered Yale University at age 13-graduated at age 17 in the top of his class • Only son of Timothy Edwards-Congregational clergyman & Ester Stoddard Edwards • Married Sarah Pierrepoint in 1726 • “The Great Awakening” was made up of Edwards’ sermons- helped lead to a spiritual understanding of the church • “Freedom of Will” was his major philosophical work- helped defend the Christian doctrine of predestination

11. William Bradford(1590-1657) • Born in Austerfield, England • Wrote about the experiences the early settlers had when sailing to & first arriving in North America • Reelected governor thirty-one times • Father died a year after he was born and mother died six years later- took turns living with separate family members • Joined a Puritan Church at age 12-later became a member of the Separatists • Married Dorothy May after moving to Holland • “Of Plymouth Plantation”- account of the Puritan’s struggle to survive and how faith helped move them along • Not published until 1856

12. Puritan Families The average Puritan family was often viewed as the “perfect” example of an American family during that time. The kids were born and raised in religious households. They were taught that it was wrong to sin and were, therefore, very well behaved.

13. Thanksgiving The Puritans came together with the Native Americans to celebrate the abundant amount of crops receive that year. They had a huge feast thanking God for such a successful season. The tradition was carried on through many traditions and is known today as Thanksgiving.

14. Religion In the Puritan culture, everything was based on religion. Anytime there was a dispute among the townspeople, they would first turn the church members. Not only was the church the center of every Puritans’ life, but it also played a big role in the community. It was one of the biggest, most widely used assets of the Puritan community.

15. Puritan Culture It was not rare to find a group of Puritan men sitting around a table discussing matters of the community. Whenever a meeting like this occurred, no women, if any, were permitted to attend. None of the men were allowed to wear hats at the table out of respect and courtesy.

16. The First Printing Press The first printing press in North America arrived in the Puritan’s colony in 1638. By the 1700s, Boston became the second largest publishing center in America. By creating the printing press, the Puritans were able to print and share hundreds of copies of religious books.

17. Harvard College In an effort to ensure a well-educated ministry, the Puritans founded Harvard College. It was originally built in Newtowne in 1636, but three years later they renamed the city Cambridge. Cambridge is a city in England where many of the Puritan colonists began their religious studies.

18. Themes in Puritan Writings • Escaped Europe to come to the New World for freedom- particularly religious freedom. • Purpose of the Puritan’s writings was to provide spiritual insight so the books written in that time period all related back to the Puritan beliefs. • No dramas or fiction books were produced because the Puritan’s saw that as vanity. • Puritan means “strictness in morals and religious matters” • Themes included the following: • Emphasis on purification • Being plain • Original sin • Hard work needed in life • Everyone’s fate in God’s hands

19. Emphasis on Purification • “Removing all impurities” • The Puritans came from the Church of England. They saw that church as corrupt and unfit. • The Puritans came to the New World because they wanted to create a new church with more religious laws making it better fit to raise their families.

20. Being Plain • Didn’t want to draw attention to themselves. • The 10 Commandments- “Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image…” • Believed in plain, simple style of writing because ornate style would be considered vanity.

21. Religion • Center of laws, life, and government • Every writing during the Puritan time related back to the Christian religion • If any problems arose, they always turned to religion- it was the answer for everything

22. Original Sin • Related back to Adam and Eve’s sin in the Garden of Eden • If a sin was ever to be committed, it must repented at once • Many preachers spoke about the consequences of sin to try and scare them away from sinning

23. Hard Work Need In Life • Came from England to the New World with nothing • Had to start a colony from scratch- built churches, jails, cemetery, homes, government • Created Harvard College to get well-educated ministry

24. Everyone’s Fate in God’s Hands • The Crucible- people were tried and convicted of witchcraft • Believed in consequences for sin • Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

25. Bibliography • "Colonial Period". 21 Aug. 2008 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/p ur19.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/colonial.html&h=250&w =326&sz=25&hl=en&start=6&um=1&usg=__tBvQHqCYjOXl0ITTZ6zSoGcVfHg =&tbnid=_prdyVzGhhr4jM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dharva rd%2Bcollege%2Bpuritians%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26 rlz%3D1G1GGLQ_ENUS289%26sa%3DG>. • "Giving Thanks American Style". Word Press. 21 Aug. 2008 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nocaptionneeded.com/w pcontent/uploads/2007/11/firstthanks.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nocaptionneed ed.com/%3Fp%3D471&h=350&w=550&sz=80&hl=en&start=2&um=1&usg=__x 6dslJnwCDa01VGGFbTh0PLbqW4=&tbnid=SajTUONjT7c3LM:&tbnh=85&tbnw =133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfirst%2Bthanksgiving%26um%3D1%26hl%3De n%26safe%3Dactive%26rlz%3D1G1GGLQ_ENUS289%26sa%3DG>. • Gundersen, Joan R. "Thanksgiving Day." World Book Online Reference Center. 2008. [Place of access.]  20 Aug. 2008 <http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar553320>. • Karen, Carr. "Puritans". 21 Aug. 2008 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/n orthamerica/after1500/religion/pictures/puritans.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.histor yforkids.org/learn/northamerica/after1500/religion/puritans.htm&h=350&w=505 &sz=83&hl=en&start=1&um=1&usg=__tPJ- 3SCw1k4NRjtV0MlYFKWGxPk=&tbnid=0Qf5_6EB0w5b9M:&tbnh=90&tbnw=1 30&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpuritans%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Da ctive%26rlz%3D1G1GGLQ_ENUS289%26sa%3DX>.

26. Bibliography • Levy, B. Barry. "Ten Commandments." World Book Online Reference Center. 2008. [Place of access.]  22 Aug. 2008 <http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar550580>. • Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes: The American Experience. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2004. page numbers. • Wilson, John F. "Puritans." World Book Online Reference Center. 2008. [Place of access.]  22 Aug. 2008 <http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar452140>.

27. Bibliography “Bradford, William (1590-1657)." UXL Biographies. Online ed. Detroit: UXL, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. Cobb Virtual Library. 24 Aug. 2008 <http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retrieve&ta bID=T001&prodId=DC&docId=EJ2108100294&source=gale&srcprod=DISC&user GroupName=cobbhome&version=1.0>. "Bradstreet, Anne (1612-1672)." EXPLORING Poetry. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection Gale. Cobb Virtual Library. 24 Aug. 2008 <http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retrieve&ta bID=T001&prodId=DC&docId=EJ2114104839&source=gale&srcprod=DISC&user GroupName=cobbhome&version=1.0>. Lawson, Russell. "Mather, Cotton (1663-1728)." American Eras. Ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli and Richard Layman. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997. Discovering Collection. Gale. Cobb Virtual Library. 24 Aug. 2008 <http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retrieve&ta bID=T001&prodId=D C&docId=EJ2301100029&source=gale&srcprod=DISC&userGroupName=cobbho me&version=1.0>.

28. Bibliography • Nybakken, Elizabeth. "Edwards, Jonathan (1703-1758)." American Eras. Ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli and Richard Layman. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997. Discovering Collection. Gale. Cobb Virtual Library. 24 Aug. 2008 <http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retriev e&tabID=T001&prodId=DC&docId=EJ2301100014&source=gale&srcprod=DIS C&userGroupName=cobbhome&version=1.0>. • "Smith, John (1580-1631)." UXL Biographies. Online ed. Detroit: UXL, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. Cobb Virtual Library. 24 Aug. 2008 <http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retriev e&tabID=T001&prodId=DC&docId=EJ2108102123&source=gale&srcprod=DIS C&userGroupName=cobbhome&version=1.0>. • Stanford, Donald E. "Edward Taylor." DISCovering Authors. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Discovering Collection. Gale. Cobb Virtual Library. 24 Aug. 2008 <http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retriev e&tabID=T001&prodId=DC&docId=EJ2101207846&source=gale&srcprod=DIS C&userGroupName=cobbhome&version=1.0>.