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An overview of United Europe

An overview of United Europe. One Europe? The European Union and the Council of Europe Origins of integration EU powers and achievements The issue of European governance. One Europe? The European Union and the Council of Europe. Origins Evolution Interactions. Origins.

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An overview of United Europe

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  1. An overview of United Europe

  2. One Europe? The European Union and the Council of Europe • Origins of integration • EU powers and achievements • The issue of European governance

  3. One Europe? The European Union and the Council of Europe • Origins • Evolution • Interactions

  4. Origins • COE: 1949 – 10 members - Intergovernmental Goal: art. 1 of the statute of the organization Closer Union, protect & promoteprinciplesthey have in common, fostertheireconomic and social progress. = actions in all fields are possible exceptdefense & military issues • EU: 1951 (ECSC), 1957 (EEC)- 6 members - Supranationalism Goal: a commonmarket

  5. Evolution • COE: The « big » Europe (47 members) Humanrights protection (ECHR) Morethan 200 conventions promotinghumanrights, democracy and the rule oflaw, in all fields (namely social rights, protection of women –migrant rights, languages, education, fightagainstterrorism). Ex : Convention on preventing and combating violence againstwomen and domestic violence, may 2011 • EEC -> the EC & EU (1992) -> the EU (2009) 27 members (the « small » Europe) Common market (goods, services) & othercommonpolicie(agriculture, employment & social affairs, consumer protection, environment, justice freedom & security, public health…) Humanrights & EuropeanCitizenship Foreign & securitypolicy

  6. EU member states 1951 FranceGermanyItalyBelgiumNetherlandsLuxembourg 1973 United KingdomIrelandDenmark 1981 Greece 1986 SpainPortugal 1995 AustriaSwedenFinland 2004 Czech RepublicSlovakiaHungaryPolandSlovenia EstoniaLatviaLithuania CyprusMalta 2007 RomaniaBulgaria

  7. Interactions • Institutionalcooperation System of information between the 2 organisations Coordination of actions Ex : Humanrights (relationshipsbetweenEuropean courts, accession of the EU to the ECHR - currentlytaking place) • Substantive interactions in variousfields EX : Fightingterrorism, the Roma community and the fightagainstracism…

  8. Origins of integration Post-warconcerns: political & economic WWI: Society of Nations 1919 1920’s: Pan-Europeanmovement WWII: Europeanintegrationneeded Churchill, 1946, Zurich University: « a kind of United-States of Europe »

  9. Economic situation post WWII • See Marshall speech (Harvard,1947) & plan Europeaneconomic structures have collapsed 1948: OEEC (OECD since 1960) Need for cooperation for reconstruction

  10. Political situation post WWII • Germany disarmament & the cold warthreat Issue of remilitarization of Germany to resist the Soviet Union expansionism • A European system of protection of fundamental values to avoidhumanrights violations isneeded

  11. EU powers and achievements • Progressive development of EU powers: Idea of neo-functionalism(Haas, 1958) Spill-overmovement Intergovernmentalism: extension of powersthrough the revision of treaties (1986, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2007) Judicialactivism: principles of EU federalism, marketrights’ extension

  12. The issue of European governance • Challenges for EU institutions Enlargement Increasingpowers Externalpolicy • Recentreforms • Need for new methods? Democracy / Transparency Interaction withcitizens Soft law v. hard law ? Bottom up v. top down ? See: White paper of the European Commission on EuropeanGovernance (2001)

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