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Day 9. Wednesday, October 1 st. Attend Pope’s class on Oct 8 th at 11 a.m., noon or 1 p.m., JSB Midterm #1: Monday, Oct. 6 th to Thursday, Oct. 9 th Wednesday ($5 late fee) Thursday ($7 late fee) Must have test in hand by 11 am
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Wednesday, October 1st • Attend Pope’s class on Oct 8th at 11 a.m., noon or 1 p.m., JSB • Midterm #1: Monday, Oct. 6th to Thursday, Oct. 9th • Wednesday ($5 late fee) • Thursday ($7 late fee) Must have test in hand by 11 am • Exam in Testing Center. Be sure to go with enough time before Testing Center closes. • Note: It is your responsibility to find out when the testing center closes, and how long lines are running, so that you can avoid getting cut short on the time you need to finish your exam. • The Review Room will be closed during test week • The TAs will hold a test review on Saturday, Oct. 4 • Room locations will be posted on the American Heritage website • Film #1: A More Perfect Union • October 8th/9th at 5:00 and 7:30 P.M. in 140 JSB • Rule of Law Essay Due in class on October 6th • Outside event: International Law and Religion Symposium, BYU Law School, Oct 5-7, 2014. See http://www.iclrs.org/
Social Contract in Declaration • “When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them . . . it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.”
Natural Rights • Natural rights and natural man • How do these concepts work in tandem with each other? • Is it a matter of semantics? Are these just different uses of the word natural?
Natural Rights and natural man • The natural man forms the social compact • He does it to protect his natural rights • He creates laws and government for his self-protection • He cultivates virtue—self-restraint—to give strength to the law • When the government over protects its citizens—when it exceeds the boundaries of maximizing their freedom and begins to seriously impede upon it… • then “it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.”
Natural Rights • “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” • universality of “unalienable” rights • given by the Creator • government exists to protect
All Are Created Equal • “all men are created equal” • slaves? • non-caucasians? • women? • does it matter? • impact through the ages
The Power of Language “… all nations feared greatly, so powerful was the word of Enoch, and so great was the power of the language which God had given him.” • …Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness • These are the times that try men’s souls… • [W]hen republican virtue fails, slavery ensues….Of more worth is one honest man to society and in the sight of God, than all the crowned ruffians that ever lived.
Lincoln Reworks Jefferson • “ Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.” • “to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced” • “that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.”
The Point of It All • “The history of American democracy is a gradual realization, too slow for some and too rapid for others, of the implications of the Declaration of Independence.” --Ralph Barton Perry
“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal."
… You will think me transported with Enthusiasm but I am not. I am well aware of the Toil and Blood and Treasure, that it will cost Us to maintain this Declaration, and support and defend these states. Yet through all the Gloom I can see the Rays of ravishing Light and Glory. I can see that the End is more than worth all the Means. And that Posterity will triumph in that Days Transaction, even although We should rue it, which I trust in God We shall not. -- John Adams, 3 July 1776
Clip: Shot Heard Round the World • A rag tag militia vs. a powerful fighting force.
The War • British Advantages • Military strength • Economic strength • Many loyalists • American Advantages • Distance • Geography • Determination
The War • British Strategy • Conquer quickly, restore order. • Harder than they thought. • Colony Strategy • Keep an army in the field and wear the British out. • Hard.
The War • Created divisions within the colonies. • 700,000 out of 2.5 million were loyal to British: Tories. • Also united the colonies. • Soldiers in Continental Army began to see themselves as Americans, not just Virginians or New Yorkers. • Citizens pondered much more deeply what they had in common with citizens of other colonies. • Summoned great public virtue, from ordinary citizens, as well as the famous.
War Chronology • 1775, April: War begins at Lexington and Concord. • 1775, June: Battle of Bunker Hill. • 1776, August: Battle of New York. • 1776, December: Washington crosses Delaware and captures Trenton. • 1777, October: Battle of Saratoga. France enters in 1778. • 1781, October: Battle of Yorktown. Effective end of war. • 1783: Treaty of Paris officially ends war.
The British Challenge • What do the British have to do to win the war? • What do the Americans have to do?
“To make war upon rebellion is messy and slow, like eating soup with a knife.” --T.E. Lawrence
Britain’s “Vietnam”? • Superpower vs. insurgency • The British lack a strategy for victory. • Support in Britain for the war wanes. • The Americans don’t need to win any battles. They just have to keep an army in the field and wear the British down.
