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Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainable Cities. 22.1 Urbanization. Cities have specialized functions as well as large populations Trade Centers (New York) Resource Extraction (Pittsburgh, Houston) Manufacturing (Detroit) All Require Vast Array of Service Industries

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Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

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  1. Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

  2. 22.1 Urbanization • Cities have specialized functions as well as large populations • Trade Centers (New York) • Resource Extraction (Pittsburgh, Houston) • Manufacturing (Detroit) • All Require Vast Array of Service Industries • Large cities are expanding rapidly

  3. Largest Metropolitan Areas

  4. 22.2 Why Do Cities Grow? • Immigration is driven by push and pull factors • Push • Lack of Land • Violence • Social Pressures • Pull • Jobs • Lifestyle • Government policies can drive urban growth

  5. Cities are Tough • Small towns frequently die because of economic problems, resource exhaustion, disasters or war, but large cities are rarely abandoned • Vijayanagara, India (Destroyed 1565) is one of the most recent large cities (500,000) to be completely abandoned • Pripyat, Ukraine (50,000) was abandoned after Chernobyl (1986) • No large cities were abandoned because of World War II

  6. Cities Re-Invent Themselves • Pittsburgh: Steel  Technology • Milwaukee: Brewing  Service • Dubai: Oil  Finance • Detroit? • New Orleans?

  7. 22.3 Urban Challenges In The Developing World • Traffic congestion and air quality are growing problems • Insufficient sewage treatment causes water pollution • Insufficient Public Utilities • Many cities lack adequate housing

  8. 22.4 Urban Challenges In The Developed World • Urban sprawl consumes land and resources • Expanding suburbs force long commutes • Why not find out why people leave cities and fix those problems? • Crowding • Behavior • Mass-transit could make our cities more livable

  9. 22.5 Smart Growth • Garden cities and new towns were early examples of smart growth • New urbanism advanced the ideas of smart growth • Victor Gruen and the Shopping Mall • Green urbanism promotes sustainable cities • Open space design preserves landscapes • Who pays for Open Space?

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