Satellite Design Workshop IIT Delhi CanSat: Can sized Satellite

1. Satellite Design Workshop IIT Delhi CanSat: Can sized Satellite Team garuda Runners up international cANsat competition

2. Session 1 What is a Satellite -Intro to satellite - Subsystem of a satellite -Intro to CanSat

3. Intro to cansat • CanSat Is a Simulation of a Real Satellite • It Performs a Mission and Collects Data • Typical Missions Can Be Atmospheric Measurements, Video • Capture, Picture Taking, Communications, or Navigation • The Missions Can Be Simple or Complex • The Only Requirement Is that the Mission Must Fit in a Twelve Ounce Soda Can • This Program will introduce you to • How CanSat is Built • It Includes most subsystems found in Satellites

4. TYPICAL CANSAT CONDITIONS • CanSat Shall Be Built to Fit in a Standard Soda Can– • Diameter Is 130+/- 2 mm • Weight is usually less than 700 gms. • • No Parts of the CanSat Shall Extend Beyond the Surface of the Soda Can Until Deployed • • CanSat Shall Operate off of Battery or Solar Power • • CanSat Can Use Communications(usually RF communications) • – Antennas Should Be Flexible. • • A Parachute Shall Be Properly Secured to One End of the CanSat.

5. Launch of cansat • CanSat Is Launched on a High- • Powered Model Rocket • – The Rocket Is 4” in Diameter and • About 7’ Tall • – Capable of Reaching Over a Mile in • Altitude • – CanSat Is Stowed in the Upper • Airframe Below the Nose Cone • The Rocket Is Launched and When It • Reaches Apogee, the Rocket Breaks • Apart to Eject the Main Parachute • – This Causes the Upper Portion of • the Rocket to Point Down • • The Nose Cone Will Fall Out and the • CanSat Will Fall Afterwards • • The Parachute Brings the CanSat • Gently Back to Earth

6. Intro to satellite • “Satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavor” - Wikipedia • “An artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or another planet in order to collect information or for communication” – Oxford Dictionary • Various Definitions for satellites have been given. • Main concepts for the satellite – • Orbit around the planet. • Collects information for sending back to ground station.

7. Satellite subsystems • A Satellite Is Made Up of Six Major Subsystems: • Power Subsystem • Data Handling Unit/Ground Control Systems • Communications Subsystem • Sensor Payload or Subsystems • Structure • Attitude Control Subsystem • Following slides will explain each subsystem in larger detail and will use <satellite name> as reference

8. POWER SUBSYSTEM FOR SATELLITES • The Power Subsystem Provides Electrical Power to the Satellite. Usually, this is provided using solar panels. • Solar Panels Are Comprised of Solar Cells, i.e., Semiconductor Devices Called Photovoltaic. • Designers Select the Types of Solar Cells to Meet Their Power Requirements, Budget, Mass and Size. • Various types of Batteries used in the power system are – • Ni-Cd. • NiH2 • Li-Ion. • The main precautions required in the design of the power system is the fault detection unit.

9. DATA HANDLING UNIT FOR SATELLITES • The Data Handling Unit (DHU) Is a Computer That Controls the Flow of Data and Instructions. • – It Controls Payloads and Collects Data From the Payloads • – It Accepts Commands Received by the Communications System and Sends Data to the Communications System for Transmission to the Ground Station • – It Is the Brains of the Satellite.

10. COMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM • The satellite usually contains a radio receiver for transmitting data to the ground system and receiving commands from the ground station. • The Spacecraft Has a Transmitter Used to Send Telemetry (i.e., • the Name for Data Sent or “Down-Linked” From the Spacecraft).

11. SENSOR PAYLOAD and SUBSYSTEMS • Payloads on a Satellite Are Generally Some Type of Sensor • It Can Be a Radio Receiver Designed to Detect Certain types of Signals • It Can Be a Camera Used to Take Pictures of the Earth in Various Light Spectrums. • It Can Be Radiation Detectors, or Any Type of Sensor to Detect Something. • The sensors are responsible for the navigation and control system.

12. STRUCTURE AND ATTITUDE CONTROL • The structure of satellite is generally made of Al or other light-weight material. • Attitude Control Systems Allow the Orientation of the Spacecraft to Be Controlled.

13. Cansat Quiz

14. CanSat quiz • Time Limit: 45 minutes

15. Session 2 Real NASA footage for launch to MARS Components of CanSat

16. Basic parts of cansat system

17. ELECTRIC POWER SUBSYSTEM • Motor Driver(3.3V) Kill switch/signal • SD card(3.3V) GPS(3.3V) • Arduino(9V) • P&T Sensor(3.3V) 5V CanSat Batteries 9V 9V 3.3 V • Radio Transceiver(3.3V • Voltage Measurement Hardware(9V) 5V • Buzzer(5V) • Motor Driver(5V) • Motor(9V) 9V on/off

18. ELECTRIC Power budget • The power budget is the allocation of power to be consumed by the components of the system. • This requires the analysis of the power requirement of each of the components and is an integral part of the design of the power system. • This is required to determine the distribution of power and total power required in the system.

19. Antenna design – Link budget • The Antenna selection is done on the basis on Link Budget. • Link Budget equation – PRX = PTX + GTX + GRX – LTX – LRX – 20log(4πd/λ) • P: Power • G: Gain • L: loss in transmission or receiver • The last term accounts for channel loss

20. Sensor subsystem BMP 085 (T&P sensor) Sampling rate: 50 KHz Buzzer Gather Data To retrieve CanSat • Transmit Data to Ground FSW written on Arduino Nano (Payload) Read GPS Data GPS Data (Sampling Rate: 1 Hz) Xbee Radio ‘START’ to activate telemetry Impact Measurement MMA 7361 (Accelerometer) (Sampling rate: 100 Hz) Battery Voltage after payload has landed Data Read Store data At 400m Electromechanical Deployment Mechanism + Aero-braking structure SD Card

21. Communication system • The Communications Subsystem Is a Transmitter Radio Used to transmit telemetry Which Is the Data Collected in the CanSat. • This system allow the CanSat to send the data back to the Ground Station that can process the data to get relevant information. • This is one of the most critical parts of the CanSat design that requires the knowledge of the CanSat, the Ground System as well as the channel. • The following are the selection criterion: • Gain • Range • Frequency • Price

22. MICRO-Controller SELECTION • The micro-controller is the main data handling unit for the CanSat. • We are using an Arduino as the microcontroller unit for the CanSat. • The selection is done considering the following outlined requirements:

23. Sensor trade & selection • Factors affecting sensor selection for a CanSat system: (in priority order) • According to the desired operation • Operating Frequency, accuracy, sensitivity, range of operation • Data interface required • Power Consumption • Weight, cost and dimensions