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1. Photo by khalid almasoud - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License http://www.flickr.com/photos/51813223@N00 Created with Haiku Deck

2. Lesson Objectives • the location of ancient Egypt on the world map • why Egyptian civilisation developed around the Nile River the climate of Egypt • key features of ancient Egyptian civilisation • the creativity of the people of ancient Egypt that is reflected in our world • achievements from ancient Egypt continue to benefit us today

3. Fun Facts • Do you think it rains in Egypt?

4. Singapore’s Average Monthly Rainfall Look at the data for Singapore’s average rainfall in MARCH(measured in mm), from 1869-2013 (145 yrs) How much rain do you think Egypt receives in March?

5. Rainfall in Egypt http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Cairo-weather-averages/Al-Qahirah/EG.aspx

6. In other words, what is unusual in Singapore is normal in Egypt!

7. Why did Ancient Egyptians settle around Nile River?

8. Where would you want to live?

9. Nile River • The Nile River is one of the longest rivers in the world • How has the Nile River helped Ancient Egypt to develop her greatness?

10. Life along the Nile River (TB 5A p.68) The Nile River provided the Egyptians with: • Water for: • Drinking • Bathing • Farming • Cooking • Cleaning • Fish • Useful plants (e.g papyrus) • Trade routes between Egyptian villages • Raw materials such as mud to make bricks Since rainfall is very rare in Egypt, the annual floods provided the only source of moisture to sustain crops.

11. Key Features of Egyptian Civilisation • The Egyptians worshipped over 2,000 gods • These gods were believed to control every aspect of nature • These gods were often linked to animals • Can you guess which animal was associated with these gods? Ra – Sun god Sobek – god of the Nile Thoth – god of writing Anubis – god of the dead Horus – god of the sky Bastet – a protective goddess

12. Deciphering the Ankh • Which four hieroglyphs do you see in the Ankh on the right? • What do you think the Ankh means?

13. Mummification • Egyptians were particularly obsessed with the afterlife • The king (Pharaoh) was seen as divine, and became one with the gods after death • Elaborate steps were taken to preserve the bodies of rulers • Lungs, liver, stomach and large intestines were first removed and preserved in these jars

14. Tombs • After mummification, the body would be placed in an underground tomb • Pharaohs built increasingly elaborate tombs for themselves, culminating in the Pyramids of Giza. • There are many pyramids found across Egypt

15. Have you seen this before? http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/history/egypt/egyptiannumbersystem/

16. Writing • The Egyptian form of writing is known as hieroglyphics. • It can be carved on stone or other hard materials. • Later, the ancient Egyptians wrote on sheets made from papyrus.

17. How did we learn how to read hieroglyphics? • In 1799 this stone was discovered near the village of Rosetta • As it contained both Greek and Egyptian writing, scholars were able to understand hieroglyphics after much study

18. Egyptology Do you know that there are people who dedicate their lives to examining the art, archaeology, religion and history of Egypt?

19. A Famous Egyptologist • Howard Carter was an English archaeologist and Egyptologist who became world famous after discovering the intact tomb of 14th-century BC Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Howard Carter and Tutankhamun's Tomb http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=SG&hl=en-GB&v=7ZWB5-aXMXQ (00.00 – 04:00) What qualities of an archaeologist did Carter display?

20. What comes to mind when you think of the words ‘empire’ or ‘dynasty’? • Powerful • Grandeur • Rulers, Kings, Emperors • Achievements • Lineage

21. Definition of Empire & Dynasty

22. Can you name an empire you know?

23. How did empire and dynasty come about? A powerful person who became the ruler!

24. Egypt Timeline at a glance • Ancient Egyptian history is divided into 31 dynasties over 3500 years.

25. End of Egyptian Civilisation • Over time, ancient Egypt was weakened by foreign invasions and internal rivalry • In 332 BC, Egypt was briefly under the control of Greece – Alexander the Great conquered it • In 30 BC, Rome conquered Egypt. Its last ruler, Cleopatra VII, committed suicide. Egypt was now part of the Roman Empire • The last known hieroglyphics were written in 394 AD • The last temples for Egyptian gods closed in 553 AD • So Egypt lost its political independence, then its culture and language faded away • It could no longer be considered a distinct civilisation

26. Rise of Egypt Let us find out how unification in Egypt started. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAe4GHoX_zo (00:00 – 10:10) • If you were King Narmer, what are the first things you will do after unification of Egypt? Explain why.

27. Greece and Rome • Who were these powerful civilisations which ended the era of ancient Egypt? • You will learn about them soon!

28. Homework • Read up on Features of Egyptian Civilisation in your Textbook from pages 69 to 72.

29. See you in Egypt Lesson 2