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Science Review :

Science Review :. Mid-year Exam. Format of the exam. Part A 25 Multiple choice answers (2 pts each ) Part B 10 One- word answers (1 pt each ) Part C 8 Short answers (40 points). Topics : Group 1. Technical drawing Lines Scale Section Multiview Isometric Tolerance

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Science Review :

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  1. Science Review: Mid-year Exam

  2. Format of the exam • Part A • 25 Multiple choiceanswers (2 pts each) • Part B • 10 One-wordanswers (1 pt each) • Part C • 8 Short answers (40 points)

  3. Topics : Group 1 • Technicaldrawing • Lines • Scale • Section • Multiview • Isometric • Tolerance • Dimensioning

  4. Basic Lines • Visible Contour Line • Hidden Contour Line • Center Line • Extension Line • Dimension Line

  5. What is the difference?

  6. What is the difference?

  7. Scale • The scale: • A relationship between an object’s dimensions in a drawing and the object’s actual dimension • Drawing size : Real Life size • 1:1 = actual size representation • 2:1 ; 3:1; 25:1 = scale of enlargement • 1:2 ; 1:4; 1:25 = scale of reduction

  8. Purpose of scales • Reduction Scale • 1:2 • 1 mm in the drawing represents 2 mm in real life • Enlargement Scale • 2:1 • 2 mm in the drawing represents 1 mm in real life • Actual size representation • 1:1 • Object is life size

  9. Cross-sections vs Section • Cross-Sections: • Shows the interior details of an object as if it were cut by a cutting plane • Sections: • Shows the interior details of a part of an object as if it were but by a cutting plane

  10. Cross-Section

  11. Revolved Section Removed Section Sections

  12. Projections • Orthogonal • Isometric • All three sides are shown

  13. Projections • Orthogonal • Multiview • Shows all three sides with details Top Front Side

  14. Important Definitions • Dimensioning: • writing the dimensions of an object using extension line and dimension lines • Multiview: • type of orthogonal projection that shows all sides with the most details • Tolerance: • term which describes the required manufacturing precision of an object. • Actual-size scale: 5:5 or 1:1 … • Enlargement scale: 5:1 or 3:1 … • Reduction scale: 1:5 or 1: 3 ….

  15. The Material World In less than 30 minutes

  16. Topics: Group 2 • Materials • Types of materials • Justifyingmaterials • States of matter and particle model • Pure substances • Chemical change vs. Physical change • Identification of solid, liquid, gas

  17. Definitions • Types of material: • Wood: • Modifiedwood: material made with wood mixed with other substances (like glue) • Metals : • Alloys: combination of metals

  18. Properties • Malleable • Ductile • Hardness • Elasticity • Resilience • Stiffness

  19. Matter and the particle model

  20. Everything around us is made of atoms and molecules • To simplify how we see things, we will represent these tiny atoms and molecules using the particle model

  21. An element is more of the same particle

  22. A compound is when there are two or more types of elements/ atoms in a molecule (the particles must be touching) Elements turn into compound through chemical reactions that result in a gain of mass or a change of color

  23. Moral of the story • A pure substance is when a substance has the exact same chemical composition • A mixture is well, a mixture

  24. Moral of the story • A pure substance is when a substance has the exact same chemical composition • A mixture is well a combination of more than 1 type of molecule or element

  25. Would salt water be considered a pure substance? • What are the 2 signs for changing an element into a compound? • Is O2an element or a compound?

  26. Physical Change vs. Chemical Change

  27. Physical Change • The chemical nature of the substance stays the same • Dillution • Dissolution • Phase Change

  28. Chemical Change • The chemical nature of the substance is altered

  29. Properties

  30. Density • Density (ρ) is mass on Volume • ρ = m/V • ρ is different from p • m = How much matter it has • V = how much space does it take up

  31. The General rules…

  32. Identifying solids • Best to verify density • Color • Electrical conductivity • Boiling point • Melting point • Magnetism

  33. Identifying liquids • Cobalt Chloride • positive test = water • Electrical conductivity • positive test = either salt water, acid or base • Blue litmus paper • if it turns red = acid • Red litmus paper • if it turns blue = base

  34. Identifying Gases • Flaming Splint • Positive test = hydrogen • Glowing splint • Positive test = Oxygen • Limewater • Positive test = Carbon Dioxide

  35. Science Review Topic 3: The Circulatory System

  36. Topic: Group 3 • Heartanatomy • Blood function • Blood typing • Immunity

  37. Anatomy • The circulatory system is the UPS system of your body it delivers nutrients, O2 and waste where it is needed • O2 + glucose → water + CO2 + ENERGY • Blood Vessels • Heart

  38. Anatomy • The Blood Vessels • Arteries • Arterioles • Veins • Venules • Capillaries Arteries - going away from the heart Veins - going towards the heart Capillaries – where the exchanges occur

  39. Anatomy • Important Arteries around the heart • Aorta • All oxygenated blood (arterial blood) leaves the heart from this artery • Pulmonary arteries • The de-oxygenated blood leaves the heart towards the lungs The pulmonary arteries are the exception – it does not contain arterial blood

  40. Anatomy • Important Veins around the heart • Vena Cava (inferior and superior) • Blood from the body enters the heart by these two veins • Pulmonary veins • Oxygenated blood (arterial blood) from the lungs enter the heart The pulmonary veins are the exception – it does not contain venous blood

  41. Anatomy • The Heart • Stimulates the movement of the blood • Hollow muscle with 4 cavities/chambers • Right Atrium • Right Ventricle • Left Atrium • Left Ventricle RA LA RV LV

  42. Anatomy • Blood always circulates from an atrium to a ventricle. ATRIUM Atrioventricular valve VENTRICLE

  43. Anatomy • The Heart • The contractions of the heart causes blood to circulate

  44. Anatomy • The heart • Pulmonary Circulation • Brings blood to and from the lungs • Systemic Circulation • Brings blood to and from the cells

  45. Circulations • Left side of the heart • Oxygen from the lungs travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium • The heart then contracts and pumps the blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle • The heart pumps again and pushes the oxygen rich blood from the ventricle to the aorta • The blood then travels through various arteries to get to the capillaries and the cells, where diffusion occurs

  46. LA – LV – aorta - cell

  47. Circulations • Right side of the heart • The blood, now rich in CO2, travels through the capillaries and various veins until it reaches the superior vena cava or the inferior vena cava • From the vena cava, the CO2 rich blood enters the right Atrium. • The heart contracts and pumps the blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle • The heart pumps again and pushes the CO2 rich blood from the ventricle to the pulmonary arteries where it will return to the lungs to exchange the CO2 for O2

  48. Circulations • The proper way to divide the circulations of the body is the following: • Systemic Circulation • From the heart (LV) to the cell and then back to the heart (RA) • Pulmonary Circulation • From the heart (RV) to the lungs and then back to the heart (LA)

  49. Blood • Components 1. Plasma 55% 2. Red blood cells (RBC) 45% 3. White blood cells (WBC) (less than 1%) 4. Platelets (less than 1%) Plasma – Liquid part of the blood Red blood cells – carries oxygen and carbon dioxide White blood cells - protect your system Platelets – allow blood to coagulate

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