SCIENCE DCAS REVIEW

1. SCIENCE DCAS REVIEW

2. 1. Below is a picture that illustrates the movement of water. What should you add to the picture to show a more complete view of the movement of water? Be sure to label the items you add to the picture.

3. THE SUN: The sun drives the water cycle. Without the sun, there would be no water cycle. 1. Below is a picture that illustrates the movement of water. What should you add to the picture to show a more complete view of the movement of water? Be sure to label the items you add to the picture.

4. GROUND WATER: Water that is soaked into the soil. This may stay in the ground for a period of time, or become a part of a nearby lake or stream. 1. Below is a picture that illustrates the movement of water. What should you add to the picture to show a more complete view of the movement of water? Be sure to label the items you add to the picture.

5. RUNOFF: Water that is elevated (like water on a hill or mountain) will run off down the land, eventually working it’s way into a stream or river. 1. Below is a picture that illustrates the movement of water. What should you add to the picture to show a more complete view of the movement of water? Be sure to label the items you add to the picture.

6. TRANSPIRATION: Water that has been taken in by plants, is then released (just as people sweat) from that plant. 1. Below is a picture that illustrates the movement of water. What should you add to the picture to show a more complete view of the movement of water? Be sure to label the items you add to the picture.

7. 4 & 5. DRAW A DIAGRAM to show and use words to DESCRIBE the difference in the amount of energy of the particles AND the spacing between the particles in a solid, a liquid, and a gas. You may use labels in your diagram. SOLID LIQUID GAS

8. 4 & 5. DRAW A DIAGRAM to show and use words to DESCRIBE the difference in the amount of energy of the particles AND the spacing between the particles in a solid, a liquid, and a gas. You may use labels in your diagram. SOLID LIQUID GAS The particles of a SOLID are spaced very closely together. They move, but very little – just a simply vibration in place.

9. 4 & 5. DRAW A DIAGRAM to show and use words to DESCRIBE the difference in the amount of energy of the particles AND the spacing between the particles in a solid, a liquid, and a gas. You may use labels in your diagram. SOLID LIQUID GAS The particles of a LIQUID are spaced at a medium distance. They move, a little – mostly back and forth. They take the shape of their container.

10. 4 & 5. DRAW A DIAGRAM to show and use words to DESCRIBE the difference in the amount of energy of the particles AND the spacing between the particles in a solid, a liquid, and a gas. You may use labels in your diagram. SOLID LIQUID GAS The particles of a GAS are spaced very far apart – enough to fill their container. They move fast and furiously.

11. 6. Scientists tested a new medicine (called Pavil) to see if it could cure headaches. They gave three people with headaches a dose of Pavil. They gave three other people a pill that looked like Pavil but had no medicine in it. The three people who took Pavil reported that their headaches disappeared after 20 minutes. The three who took the other pill reported that their headaches were no better two hours later. Because of this work, Pavil was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the cure for headaches.  • The Food and Drug Administration should not have approved Pavil as a cure for headaches. What should they have done? * larger sample size – three people is not enough * test for a variety of headache types and intensities. * test over multiple trials.

12. 7. Look at the picture below. This is a picture of a sea breeze. Look at the movement of air shown by the arrows. Explain WHY the air moves in this way. * During the DAY, the land heats faster than the water. * The air particles above the land are heated, become less dense, and rise. * As the move out over the water, they cool down, become more dense, and sink since they are away from their heat source. * This cooler air then sweeps in to fill the vacuum over the land. * Then the cycle begins again.

13. 8. Look at the picture below. It is now the middle of the night on the same beach. Draw how the arrows (showing air movement) would look. Next, explain WHY you drew the arrows the way you did. * At NIGHT, the water is stubborn and holds onto its heat. * The air particles above the water are heated, become less dense, and rise. * As the move out over the land, they cool down, become more dense, and sink since they are away from their heat source. * This cooler air then sweeps in to fill the vacuum over the water. * Then the cycle begins again.

14. Use this data to answer questions 9-12. Scientists test-drove a car for several trials. For each trial, the same person drove the car. The data table below contains distance and time data for the car experiment.

15. To find out how the time a car is driven affects the distance the car travels. 10. What do you think the scientists were trying to find out during the car experiment (what was the PURPOSE of the experiment)? • 11. What are the independent and dependent variables of the experiment? IV: the time a car is driven DV: the distance the car travels. • 12. What are some things the scientists should keep constant so the experiment is reliable and trustworthy? * Car * Driver * Speed *Path & Terrain

16. 13. A Ford is sitting along the side of the road; it is not moving. What are two forces acting on the Ford while it is sitting still? Use labeled arrows to show the direction of each force. GRAVITY: The force of gravity is pushing the car down towards the street. RESISTANCE: The street is pushing back up on the car with an equal amount of force.

17. 13. A Ford is sitting along the side of the road; it is not moving. What are two forces acting on the Ford while it is sitting still? Use labeled arrows to show the direction of each force. AIR PRESSURE: The force of air pressure pushing in on the car is EQUAL to the force of air pressure pushing out from the inside of the car.

18. 14. Explain why scientists say “the cell is the basic unit of all living things.” * All living things are made of cells (both single-celled AND complex-multi-cellular-organisms). * All cells are made from other cells. * Once you break down the cell into individual parts (nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, etc), you no longer have a self-sustaining (living) thing.

19. A single celled organism like an amoeba… • Needs other cells to perform the processes of life. B. Can take in food, remove wastes and reproduce without help from other cells. C. is organized into complex multi-cellular structures called tissues. D. does not have the characteristics of living things.

20. 16.Which statement is true of waves? • Waves move energy over great distances without moving matter. B. All waves move energy at the same speed. C. The mass of a wave is related to the amount of energy it carries. D. Waves can only travel where there are particles present.

21. All living things must:

22. All living things must: • Grow • Make waste • Exchange gas • Need nutrition • Reproduce • Need water • Made of cells • Respond to stimuli

23. 17. A hockey puck is hit along the ice. Assuming it does not bump into anything and can move in a straight line, it will eventually stop. What happened to the energy of movement (KE) in the puck? *ENERGY TRANSFERS: *ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS: Some of the energy was transferred to the air particles surrounding the puck. Some of the energy was transformed into heat energy (HE). Some of the energy was transformed into sound energy. Some of the energy was transferred to the ice. As the puck comes to a stop, some of the energy was transformed into gravitational potential energy (GPE).

24. 35. Draw a Punnett Square for this parent cross: Bb X bb (B=Long wings, b=short wings). B b DAD MOM b b

25. 35. Draw a Punnett Square for this parent cross: Bb X bb (B=Long wings, b=short wings). B b DAD MOM b B b b

26. 35. Draw a Punnett Square for this parent cross: Bb X bb (B=Long wings, b=short wings). B b DAD MOM b B b b b b

27. 35. Draw a Punnett Square for this parent cross: Bb X bb (B=Long wings, b=short wings). B b DAD MOM b B b b b b B b

28. 35. Draw a Punnett Square for this parent cross: Bb X bb (B=Long wings, b=short wings). B b DAD MOM b B b b b b B b b b

29. 20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose? Use a Punnett square to help answer your question. Dad R r Mom R r r r

30. 20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose? Use a Punnett square to help answer your question. Dad R r Mom R r r r r r

31. 20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose? Use a Punnett square to help answer your question. Dad R r Mom R r r r r R r r

32. 20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose? Use a Punnett square to help answer your question. Dad R r Mom R r r r r r r R r r

33. 20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose? Use a Punnett square to help answer your question. Dad R r Mom R r r r r r r R r r Two of the four squares show a dominant trait paired with a recessive gene. We know that this means the puppy will express (show) the dominant trait.

34. 20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose? Use a Punnett square to help answer your question. Dad R r Mom R r r r r r r R r r Two of the four squares show two recessive genes. We know that this means the puppy will express (show) the recessive trait.

35. 20. What is the chance that Lassie has a spotted nose? Use a Punnett square to help answer your question. Dad R r Mom R r r r r r r R r r This tells us that Lassie has a 2 out of 4 (50%) chance of showing the dominant trait. And a 2 out of 4 (50%) chance of showing the recessive trait.

36. 21. A pulley like the one below is an example of a simple machine: How does this machine make work easier? *It allows you to pull down instead of lifting up. This is easier on your muscles and lets you use gravity to help you. *It allows you to lift the object higher than you are. If the pulley is 15 feet in the air, you can lift the object up to 15 feet in the air, even if you are only 5 feet tall.

37. 22. & 23. Tom weighs 60 kg and is 2 m from the center of a seesaw. Gloria, who weighs 40 kg, sits on the seesaw across from Tom. In order to balance the seesaw, about where should Gloria sit? Explain how you got your answer. A B C D Since Gloria weighs LESS than Tom, she has to sit further back on the seesaw to balance his weight.

38. 24. In Wilmington, DE, the average high temperature in July (summer) is 88 º F. Six months later in January (winter) the average high temperature is 38 º F. What causes the difference in temperatures? Be sure to discuss Earth’s revolution around the sun and position in space. In the winter, the opposite is true. Our hemisphere is tilted AWAY from the sun. In the summer, our hemisphere is tilted TOWARDS the sun. This means we have MORE total hours of light AND that light is DIRECT light. This means we have FEWER total hours of light AND the light we receive is INDIRECT.

39. 26. You are boiling water in a large pot on the stove. If the bottom of the pot and the handle of the pot are made of stainless steel, you might burn your hand when the handle is touched. However, if the handle is made of plastic, you can grab the handle without getting burned. Explain this difference. The heat energy (HE) from the burner is transferred to the bottom of the pot. This HE is then transferred to both the water and the handle.

40. 26. You are boiling water in a large pot on the stove. If the bottom of the pot and the handle of the pot are made of stainless steel, you might burn your hand when the handle is touched. However, if the handle is made of plastic, you can grab the handle without getting burned. Explain this difference. Because metal is a good CONDUCTOR, the pot quickly heats up. Since wood is a poor conductor (also called an INSULATOR), it does not conduct or transfer heat well. So, even if the metal pot heats up, the wooden handle will stay cool to the touch.

41. 26. You are boiling water in a large pot on the stove. If the bottom of the pot and the handle of the pot are made of stainless steel, you might burn your hand when the handle is touched. However, if the handle is made of plastic, you can grab the handle without getting burned. Explain this difference.

42. 26. You are boiling water in a large pot on the stove. If the bottom of the pot and the handle of the pot are made of stainless steel, you might burn your hand when the handle is touched. However, if the handle is made of plastic, you can grab the handle without getting burned. Explain this difference. Here the pan handle is metal, so it would heat up. The spoon inside would also gain some HE. If it is a metal spoon (a good CONDUCTOR), it will soon be too hot to touch. If it is a wooden spoon (a good INSULATOR), the cook would be able to touch it without getting burned..

43. 27. How many chromosomes are in each of these cells? • a body cell • an egg cell • a sperm cell 46: 23 from the mom & 23 from the dad 23 from the mom 23 from the dad

44. 28. Use data from the graph to describe the trend in the hare population from 1900-1940. The hare population went through a rise and fall four times between 1900 and 1940. At it’s peak, there were 80 hares. At the lowest point, there were less than 10 hares.

45. 29. Name one thing that could explain the change in the hare population from 1935 to 1940. * Construction (loss of habitat) * Hunters * Pollution * Drought * Less vegetation (loss of food) * Fire * More natural predators

46. 30. Predict how the graph would appear in 1945. Explain your prediction. The population should increase, slowly at first then more rapidly, until it reaches a total population of 80 hares.

47. 31. Study the picture below. Identify one structure (body part) on the deer that gives it an advantage for survival. Describe how this structure is an advantage. Horns: They help the deer to fight. He can fight other male deer to become dominant and earn a chance to reproduce. Hooves: The help the deer to move faster. These allow him to run faster on soft ground (like grass and in praries).

48. 32. When you are asked to use the particle model to explain your answer, what 3 things must you include in your answer? * Spacing between the particles * The amount of energy the particles have * Speed of particles

49. 34. Compare and Contrast the terms: Energy Transformation and Energy Transfer Energy TransFER: Energy TransFORMATION: When the energy moves from one object to another object. When the energy changes form. EX: KE transferring from the pendulum to the surrounding air particles. EX: KE transforming to GPE as the pendulum swings higher.

50. 36. What is the function/job/duty of the following cell parts: chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus. CHLOROPLASTS: Only found in plant cells. Allow the cell to transform sunlight into food. MITOCHONDRIA: The powerhouse of the cell. These provide the energy needed. (Like batteries) NUCLEUS: The brain of the cell. This sends the directions for the cell to follow. (Like a boss)