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Chem 115 S 2003

Chem 115 S 2003. Gerry Prody, CB 444. Course web address: http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/prody/prody-115.htm. CHEMISTRY. The Study of Matter and the Changes that Matter Undergoes and The Energy Associated with The Changes. Figure 1.11: Molecular representation of a solid.

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Chem 115 S 2003

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  1. Chem 115 S 2003 Gerry Prody, CB 444 Course web address: http://atom.chem.wwu.edu/prody/prody-115.htm

  2. CHEMISTRY The Study of Matter and the Changes that Matter Undergoes and The Energy Associated with The Changes

  3. Figure 1.11: Molecular representation of a solid.

  4. Figure 1.11: Molecular representation of a liquid.

  5. Figure 1.11: Molecular representation of a gas.

  6. Figure 1.14: Elements: sulfur, arsenic, iodine, magnesium, bismuth, mercury. Photo courtesy of American Color. As Hg S Bi I2 Mg

  7. Definitions-I Matter- The “stuff” of the universe: books, planets, trees, professors - anything that has mass and volume. Composition - The types and amounts of simpler substances that make up a sample of matter. Properties - The characteristics that give each substance a unique identity. Physical Properties - are those the substance shows by itself, without interacting with another substance ( color, melting point, boiling point,density, etc.) Chemical Properties - are those that the substance shows as it interacts with, or transforms into, other substances (flammability, corrosiveness, etc.)

  8. Figure 1.13: Reaction of sodium with water. Photo courtesy of American Color. Pretty boring, right? We’ll do this in class later.

  9. Relationships among elements, compounds, and mixtures.

  10. Element Compound Mixture

  11. Column chromatography.

  12. Math help web sites: http://members.aol.com/profchm/basicmth.html http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/genobc/ Chapter_01/

  13. Figure 1.20: Precision of measurement with a centimeter. How long is the rod? 9 cm? How many significant digits are in the correct answer? 9.1 cm? 9.12 cm?

  14. Figure 1.23:Comparison of temperature scales.

  15. How can you convert between the three temperature scales?

  16. Figure 1.23: Comparison of temperature scales. Compare the Celsius and Kelvin scales. Devise an equation so you can interconvert. K = C + 273

  17. Figure 1.23: Comparison of temperature scales. Now, compare the Celsius and Farenheit scales. Devise an equation to interconvert. Y=mx+b F=1.8C + 32

  18. Units Used in Calculations Length : A car is 12 feet long, not “12” ! A person is 6 feet tall, not “6” ! Area : A carpet measuring 3 feet(ft) by 4 ft has an area of: ( 3 x 4 )( ft x ft ) = 12 ft2 Speed and Distance : A car traveling 350 miles(mi) in 7 hours(hr) has a speed of: 350 mi / 7 hr = 50 mi / hr In 3 hours the car travels: 3 hr x 50 mi / hr = 150 mi

  19. How to Solve Chemistry Problems 1) Problem: States all of the information needed to solve the Problem. 2) Plan: Clarify the known and unknown. Suggest the steps needed to find the solution. Develop a “roadmap”solution. 3)Solution: Calculations appear in the same order as outlined. 4) Check: Is the result what you expect or at least in the same order of magnitude! 5) Comment:Additional information as needed.

  20. Conversion Factors : Unity Factors - I Equivalent factors can be turned into conversion factors by dividing one side into the other! 1 mile = 5280 ft or1 = 1 mile / 5280 ft = 5280 ft / 1 mi 1 in = 2.54 cm or1 = 1 in / 2.54 cm = 2.54 cm / 1 in In converting one set of units for another, the one desired is on top in the conversion factor, and the “old” one is canceled out! convert 29,141 ft into miles! 29,141 ft x 1 mi / 5280 ft = 5. 519 mi

  21. Conversion Factors - II 1.61 km = 1 mi or 1 = 1.61 km / 1 mi Convert 5.519 miles in to kilometers 5.519 mi x 1.61 km / mi = 8.89 km conversions in the metric system are easy, as 1 km = 1000 m and 1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters(cm) and 1 cm = 10 millimeters(mm) Therefore: into cm and mm! 8.89 km x 1000m / 1 km = 8890 m 8890 m x 100 cm / m = 889000 cm

  22. Conversion Factors - IVmetric volume to metric volume • 1.35 x 109 km3 = volume of world’s oceans What is this volume expressed in liters? 1.35 x 109 km3 x (103 m/1 km )3 x ( 103 l/m3) = 1.35 x 1021 liters conversion factors: 1000 m = 1 km 1000 l = 1 m3

  23. Conversion Factors - V Calculate the mass of 1.00 ft3 of Lead (density=11.4g/ml)? • 1.00 ft3 x (12 in/ft)3 x (2.54 cm/in)3 = • 28,316.84659 cm3 • 2.83 x 104 cm3 x 11.4 g/cm3 = 322,620.0000 g • Ans. = 3.23 x 105 g = 3.23 x 102 kg

  24. Derived SI Units Quantity Definition of Quantity SI unit Area Length squared m2 Volume Length cubed m3 Density Mass per unit volume kg/m3 Speed Distance traveled per unit time m/s Acceleration Speed changed per unit time m/s2 Force Mass times acceleration of object kg * m/s2 ( =newton, N) Pressure Force per unit area kg/(ms2) ( = pascal, Pa) Energy Force times distance traveled kg * m2/s2 ( = joule, J)

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