Community Interactions

1. Community Interactions

2. Competition • Competition is when two organisms use the same space and resources at the same time. • Both are harmed in the relationship

3. #1: Kudzu and Native Plants • Kudzu was introduced to the • United States in 1876 at the • Centennial Exposition in • Philadelphia, PA. It “out competes” other native plants so they don’t have a place to grow.

5. Mutualism • Mutualism is a relationship between two organisms where both of them benefit from the relationship.

6. #2: Cleaner Shrimp These shrimp set up large cleaning stations on the reef where fish will come to have parasites picked from their skin. The shrimp gets a constant food source and the fish (eel in this case) gets rid of potentially dangerous parasites.

7. Cleaner Shrimp and Grouper

8. Commensalism • Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits and other is neither harmed nor benefited.

9. #3: Shark and Remora • The remora benefits by getting food from the shark’s meal. • There is no apparent benefit to the shark.

10. Remora without its shark • Note the sucker on the head of the remora (or suckerfish)

11. Parasitism Parasitism is a relationship where one individual benefits and the other is harmed. Parasites rarely kill their hosts because to do so would ultimately harm the parasite!

12. #4: Tick and Host http://pelotes.jea.com/AnimalFact/Arthropod/ticks.htm

13. Predator-Prey • In a predator-prey relationship one organism benefits and the other is killed. • It occurs rapidly.

14. #5: Snake and Frog

15. Camouflage

24. Warning Coloration

29. Mimicry

41. Aggressive mimicry

48. How well do you understand community interactions?

49. The clownfish gets protection from the anemone and in return protects the anemone from fish that would eat it (angelfish); the clownfish also keeps the anemone free of dirt and debris. #6: Clownfish and Anemone

50. Mutualism