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Community Interactions

Community Interactions. - such as, competition , predation , and symbiosis can powerfully affect an ecosystem. Every morning in Africa. A gazelle wakes up & “knows”. It must run faster that the fastest lion. Or it will be killed. Every morning, a lion wakes up & “knows”.

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Community Interactions

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  1. Community Interactions - such as, competition, predation, and symbiosis can powerfully affect an ecosystem

  2. Every morning in Africa

  3. A gazelle wakes up & “knows”

  4. It must run faster that the fastest lion

  5. Or it will be killed.

  6. Every morning, a lion wakes up & “knows”

  7. It must outrun the slowest gazelle

  8. Or it will starve to death

  9. It doesn’t matter whether you are a lion or a gazelle

  10. When the sun comes up,

  11. You better be running …

  12. Competition: • Occurs when organisms of the same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time

  13. Things that reduce competition - being active at different times of the day - establishing territories - establishing hierarchies - requiring different resources at different times of the life cycle

  14. Predation: Hunter & huntedPredator - prey

  15. Predator and Prey Adaptations

  16. - Camouflage (cryptic coloration)

  17. - Warning coloration • Marked with bright or contrasting colors as a warning that the animal is venomous or noxious.

  18. - Distasteful

  19. - Horns for protection - Hooves for running fast

  20. - Deceptive markings (eyespots)

  21. - Sharp Hearing

  22. - Mimicry Example: Monarch & Viceroy

  23. - Sting - Poisonous

  24. - Offensive Odors / Repellant Chemicals

  25. - Ability to run fast

  26. - Sharp horns - Sharp tearing teeth

  27. - Claws for piercing

  28. Lynx & hare

  29. Predator – prey graph

  30. Some unusual relationships: Cat and Deer

  31. Rabbit vs. Snake

  32. Symbiosis: • Mutualism   – both species benefit from the relationship

  33. Rhino & Oxpecker

  34. Lichen = alga & fungus

  35. Rhizobium(nitrogen fixing bacteria) & legume nodules

  36. E. coli & human gut

  37. Commensalism  – one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed (a one-way relationship)

  38. Clownfish & Sea Anemones

  39. Shark & Remora

  40. Spanish moss growing on trees

  41. Parasitism   – one organism benefits and the other is harmed

  42. Endoparasites Tapeworms

  43. Ectoparasites Caterpillar & wasp larvae

  44. Mosquito

  45. Leeches

  46. Ticks & mammals

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