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Ancient Greek Mythology 500 B.C.E.  2009 C.E .

Ancient Greek Mythology 500 B.C.E.  2009 C.E. Myth: a story that explains natural and / or human phenomenon. The Greek Pantheon and Heroes of Legend. Creation Myths. Before the beginning, there was CHAOS. From this void, GAEA emerges. Earth = Gaea or Ge. Related words?

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Ancient Greek Mythology 500 B.C.E.  2009 C.E .

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  1. Ancient Greek Mythology500 B.C.E.  2009 C.E. Myth: a story that explains natural and / or human phenomenon. The Greek Pantheon and Heroes of Legend

  2. Creation Myths Before the beginning, there was CHAOS. From this void, GAEA emerges.

  3. Earth = Gaea or Ge Related words? From Chaos, along with Gaea, came Tartarus, the Underworld Pangaea Geology Geography

  4. The third and final force born from Chaos is Eros Eros is a force of love Review: Chaos → Gaea, Tartarus, Eros

  5. Anthropomorphism Eros Chaos + Gaea __________

  6. Titans ___________ = the sky ___________ + Gaea Oceanus, Atlas, Rhea, Tethys, Prometheus, Epimetheus, Hyperion, Mnemosyne, Themis, Metis, Iapetus, Coeus, Crius, Phoebe, Thea, and Cronos (Monsters: Cyclopes and Hundred Handed…)

  7. Warning: This slide contains some shocking information. The father of the Titans, ____________, fears his children will overthrow him. He tries to destroy them, but Gaea, their mother, plots with Cronos to prevent this. In a vicious move, Cronos castrates his father and flings his testicles into the ocean. From this, a beautiful goddess, Aphrodite is born.

  8. The Olympians Cronos + Gaea Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Ares, Demeter, Aphrodite

  9. Olympians vs. Titans Cronos Banished under a mountain Atlas Holds up the world Prometheus Chained to a mountain! An eagle tears out his liver every morning! He can never die…

  10. How About a Game? Who’s your daddy? Or Are you my mother?

  11. Pantheon of Greek Gods

  12. Zeus + Hera Ares Aphrodite Hephaestus

  13. Zeus + Metis Athena

  14. Zeus + Semele Dionysus

  15. Zeus + Leto Apollo Artemis

  16. Zeus + DanaePerseus

  17. Zeus + Leda

  18. Zeus + Alcmene Heracles

  19. It’s All Greek to Me! Journal / Discussion • Is the Greek creation myth a good explanation of how the universe began? Why or why not? • Do you think that the four first essences (Chaos, Gaea, Tartarus, Eros) are necessary at the beginning of every creation myth? Are there others? • What do you think of the conflicts between fathers and sons? How are they similar? How are they different and complicated? • What do the qualities of the gods, goddesses and heroes tell us about the beliefs and ideals of the people who shared these stories?

  20. Mythography History? Religion? Literature? Science? Psychology? Philosophy?

  21. Which natural phenomenon does the myth of Persephone explain? Persephone is the lovely daughter of Demeter. Hades kidnaps her to the Underworld. Demeter searches for Persephone instead of caring for the earth. The world becomes cold, and the humans suffer.

  22. Greek Writers • Hesiod: Theogony • Ovid: Metamorphoses (collection of short stories) • Homer: The Iliad and The Odyssey (epic poems) • Sophocles: Oedipus Rex (tragic play)

  23. Ages of Man • Golden Age • Silver Age • Age of Bronze • Age of Heroes • Iron Age * Paleolithic (? – 6000 B.C.E.) * Neolithic / Stone Age ( 6000 – 3000 B.C.E.) * Bronze Age (3000 – 1100 B.C.E.) * Iron Age (1100 B.C.E. – today) Which of these ages would you like to live in? Why?

  24. The Age of Women Hesiod recounts a famous myth that explains the creation of women, Connecting them to both trouble and hope… Zeus creates Pandora Epimetheus (afterthought) marries Pandora Pandora opens the forbidden box All the troubles of the world fly out of it. The box also holds a creature called Hope…

  25. Ovid’s Metamorphoses Creation Myths Chaos Gaea Uranus Cronos Zeus Hera = Wife of Zeus Apollo = Sun, Prophesy, Wisdom Aphrodite = Love Artemis = Moon, Chastity Ares = War Athena = Wisdom Poseidon = Sea Dionysus = Wine, Theater Hephaestus = Forge Hermes = Messenger of gods Hades = Underworld Demeter = Harvest Others…?

  26. Ovid’s Metamorphoses Continued Apollo and Daphne Daphne is a water nymph – a daughter of Poseidon Apollo loves her, but Daphne is frightened of him. Apollo chases Daphne. She calls her father for help. She is transformed (metamorphosed) into a laurel tree. Apollo wears the laurel branches as a crown ever after.

  27. Ovid’s Metamorphoses Continued Phaethon Phaethon is son of Apollo by a mortal woman. He does not believe his mother’s story. He journeys to see Apollo. Apollo swears to grant Phaethon’s greatest wish, and he swears by the River Styx…

  28. Ovid’s Metamorphoses Continued Narcissus and Echo

  29. Ovid’s Metamorphoses Continued Narcissus “narcissistic” Greek root words phobia = fear Arachne Characterization  Themes?

  30. Ovid’s Metamorphoses Continued Orpheus and Euridyce Orpheus is one of the most famous musicians in literature. Entire forests uproot themselves to follow his songs. All his lyrics cannot bring his love, Euridyce, back from the underworld…

  31. Ovid’s Metamorphoses Continued Daedalus and Icarus King Minos of Crete angers Poseidon Poseidon’s revenge  minotaur Theseus of Athens + Ariadne of Crete King Minos banishes Daedalus and Icarus

  32. Ovid’s Metamorphoses Continued Daedalus and Icarus Continued Daedalus creates wings out of seagull feathers and melted wax so that he and his son, Icarus, can escape the island… Theme?

  33. Homer The Iliad and the Odyssey composed in the 8th century B.C.E. ? Epic Poetry Battles and / or Journeys  Time Supernatural (Gods and Monsters) Cultural Heroes

  34. The Iliad GREEKSTROJANS TYNDAREAUS   PARIS MENELEAUS KING PRIAM AGAMEMNON QUEEN HECUBA CLYTEMNESTRA HELEN OENONE IPHEGENIA BRISEIS ODYSSEUS HEKTOR PELEUS CASSANDRA ACHILLES HELENUS PATROKLUS LACCOON AJAX GODS AND GODDESSES ZEUS ERIS APHRODITE HEPHAESTUS ARTEMIS THETIS APOLLO HERA HERMES ATHENA POSEIDON

  35. Apple of Discord Peleus + Thetis Eris, the goddess of discord golden apple Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite Zeus sends Hermes to Paris, Prince of Troy Hera  Power Athena Wealth Aphrodite  promised the most beautiful woman in the world. Paris chooses Aphrodite (Oenone) Helen

  36. Helen Menelaus Peleus Odysseus Agammemnon Achilles Ajax Patroklus

  37. The Trojan War Troy = Ilium  Iliad Odysseus asks King Priam to return Helen Nine years of the war consisted of both war in Troy and war against the neighboring regions. Battles  Greek victories Briseis The Greeks can not break down the walls of Troy. Patroklus is killed by Hektor. Achilles exacts a terrible revenge.

  38. Beware of Greeks Bringing Gifts Odysseus dreams up the Trojan Horse. It is a nightmare for Ilium. When the Greeks have destroyed Troy and returned Helen to her husband, Menelaus, they begin their journeys home.

  39. Journey Home After ten years of war, the Greeks are ready to return home. Agammemnon + Clytemnestra Iphegenia Odysseus…

  40. Cyclopes

  41. Aeolius

  42. The Odyssey Continued Laestrygonians  Circe Circe  Hades Tiresias  Sirens, Scylla, Charybdis Island of the Sun Calypso Phaecians

  43. Ithaca Alcinous ensures that Odysseus returns home to Ithaca safely. Athena warns Odysseus of danger. Athena also helps Telemachus and Odysseus reunite after twenty years. There is one last trial…

  44. The End of the Odyssey Penelope, Odysseus’s wife, is still beautiful. And, she is still Queen of Ithaca. For years, every eligible bachelor has been trying to win her hand in marriage. In fact, they have moved in, calling upon the law of hospitality. Fortunately, Penelope is as clever as her husband… Telling stories happily ever after

  45. The Language of Epic Poetry These were condensed versions of Homer’s epic poems. If I had recited them in their full forms, it would have taken days. Pneumonic (Memory) Devices: Epithets Caesura

  46. Ancient Greek Theater Dionysus Playwrights: Aeschylus (525 – 426 B.C.E) Sophocles (ca. 496 – 413 B.C.E) Euripedes (485 – 406 B.C.E.)

  47. Tragedy Socrates  Plato  Aristotle Tragedy inspires empathy and fear Catharsis

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