Different in Culture

1. Different in Culture

2. Describe culture, and explain the significance of both national culture and subcultures. Identify the components of culture, and describe their impact on business activities around the world. Describe cultural change, and explain how companies and culture affect one another. Explain how the physical environment and technology influence culture. Describe the two main frameworks used to classify cultures and explain their practical use. Chapter Preview

3. Cultural literacy Detailed knowledge of a culture that enables a person to function effectively within it Ethnocentricity Belief that one’s own ethnic group or culture is superior to that of others X √ What is Culture? Set of values, beliefs, rules and institutions held by a specific group of people

4. Subculture Group of people that share a unique way of life within a larger culture (language, race, lifestyle, attitudes, etc.) Nations and Culture National culture Nation states build museums and monuments to preserve the legacies of important events and people

5. Aesthetics Physical environments Values &attitudes Manners &customs Education Culture Social structure Personalcommunication Religion Components of Culture

6. Music Painting Dance Drama Architecture Aesthetics

7. Values and Attitudes Values Attitudes Positive or negative evaluations, feelings and tendencies people hold toward objects or concepts The Ideas, beliefs and customs to which people are emotionally attached • Freedom • Responsibility • Honesty • Time • Work • Cultural change

8. Manners and Customs Manners Appropriate behavior, speech and dressing in general Customs Traditional ways or behavior in specific circumstances

9. Social structureCulture’s groups, institutions, social positions and resource distribution Social stratificationProcess of ranking people into social layers Social mobilityEase of moving up or down a culture's "social ladder" Social Structure

10. Origin of Human Values World Religions Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddhism Confucianism Judaism Shinto

11. Braniff Airlines’ English-language slogan “Fly in Leather” was translated into “Fly Naked” in Spanish. Sign in English on a Majorcan storefront read, “English well-talking” and “Here speeching American.” Sign for non-Japanese-speaking guests in a Tokyo hotel read, “You are respectfully requested to take advantage of the chambermaids.” English sign in a Moscow hotel read, “If this is your first visit to the USSR, you are welcome to it.” Japanese knife manufacturer labeled its exports to the United States with “Caution: Blade extremely sharp! Keep out of children.” Language Blunders

12. Mixed Signals "Okay" "It's a secret" "Crazy" "Vulgar gesture" "Very nosey" "Very clever"

13. Education level Well-educated attract high-paying jobs, while poorly educated attract low-paying manufacturing jobs Brain drain Departure of highly educated people from one profession, geographic region or nation to another Education Cultures pass on traditions, customs, and values through schooling, parenting, group memberships, etc.

14. Problem of Illiteracy

15. Physical and Material Culture These influence a culture’s development and pace of change Topography Physical features characterizing the surface of a geographic region Climate Weather conditions of a geographic region Material Culture Technology used to manufacture goods and provide services

16. Relation to nature Material or spiritual Time orientation Responsibility to others Trust and control View of personal space Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck Framework

17. Individualism vs. collectivism Power distance Uncertaintyavoidance Achievementvs. nurturing Hofstede Framework

18. Power Distance & Individualism

19. Power Distance & Uncertainty Avoidance

20. This chapter explains the significance of culture to international business. Culture is one of the most challenging elements that managers face in international business. Managers must have cultural literacy, or detailed knowledge about a culture that enables people to live and work within it. The main components of culture are aesthetics, values and attitudes, manners and customs, social structure, religion, personal communication, education, and physical and material environments. A culture’s aesthetics is important to formulating strategies, as are people’s values because they influence attitudes toward time, work, achievement, and cultural change. Knowledge of manners and customs is necessary for avoiding offensive behavior. Knowing the basics of other religions helps managers understand people’s behavior. The ability to speak the local language and understand unspoken language allows managers to understand a people. A culture’s educational aspects are important to a company, as is its material culture. Two tools to analyze and classify cultures include the Hofstede framework and the Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck framework. Chapter Summary