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1. Geography Exam Review
2. Canada's Location on the Globe 1. Name the following on a map of Canada.All provinces, provincial capitals, and oceans. Correct spelling is expected on the exam. 2. Which two descriptions best describe Canada’s position on the globe? a) North Western Hemisphere b)Tropical Location c) Northern Location
3. Canada's Natural Systems 3. What are the four main parts of the earth? Inner core, outer core, mantle and crust – the earth is 4.5 billion years old 4. List the ways that crust can be built up. Folding, faulting and volcanic eruptions 5. List the ways that the Earth's crust can be worn down. Weathering and erosion 6. Define Magma. Molten rock (lava)
4. 7. Explain how each type of rock forms. Give examples of each type of rock. Igneous – forms when magma cools and hardens (granite, basalt) Sedimentary – forms when layers of sediment are deposited and compressed into solid rock (sandstone, limestone) Metamorphic – forms when rock is changed by heat or pressure (gneiss, marble)
5. 8. Briefly describe each landform region. Canadian Shield – rocky, rugged, forests and many lakes Appalachian Mountains – low, rounded mountains Innuitian Mountains – tall, jagged, snow covered mountains (Arctic) Western Cordillera – tall, jagged, young mountains Interior Plains – flat, treeless plain Hudson Bay and Arctic Lowlands – swampy, tundra, rocky outcrops Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands - gently rolling landscape, most populated region
6. 9. Define Precipitation. Water that falls from the atmosphere to earth – rain, snow, hail 10. The water cycle diagram.
7. 3. Match the following types of precipitation to the statements below (more than one match can be made for each): A, B Relief (Orographic Precipitation) E,F,H Cyclonic Precipitation C,D,G,I Convectional Precipitation a) rain caused as air rises over mountains b) heavy rain on the windward side of a mountain range c) occurs in the Prairies in the summer d) creates thunderstorms that can damage wheat crops e) caused by the meeting of cold and warm air masses f) occurs in winter in Southern Ontario g) rain caused as air rises over a heated land surface h) rain caused when warm air rises over denser cold air i) can cause tornadoes
8. 3. Complete the chart to describe a continental climate region and a maritime climate region.
9. Human Systems 13. What is a census? A survey by the government to gather information about the population 14. What is Canada's: a) population 34.5 million b) population density 3.5 people per square km c) average age 42 years
10. 30. Match the following terms with the best description.
11. 31. What can we tell about a population from a population pyramid? Age distribution, gender (male/female) distribution, life expectancy (how long people live), rate of population growth 32. Describe three ways that the Canadian population is changing. Getting older, becoming more culturally diverse, not growing as quickly 33. Who are the Baby Boomers? Large group of people born between 1947 and 1966 following World War Two
12. 34. The three main classes of immigrants under Canada’s immigration law are listed here. Describe each category? Economic Immigrants – people coming to Canada to work or people who come to start a business – they fill gaps in our labour force or provide jobs – they must be assessed by the point system (need 67 points) Family Class – people who come to Canada to join a family member who is already here – they are not assessed with the point system Refugee – a person who fears staying in their home country – Canada may offer a safe haven for them
13. 35. A person decides to leave Sudan in Africa, state three push factors that might influence their decision to emigrate. Civil war, poverty, lack of opportunities in education and workforce, poor health care, lack of human rights 36. A person decides to come to Canada, state three pull factors that would influence their choice to immigrate to Canada. Safe, stable government, free education, jobs, multicultural society, access to health care, human rights
14. 37. Number these settlements in order by size from smallest to largest. Town, City, Hamlet, Village, Census Metropolitan Area 3 4 1 2 5 38. Name Canada’s three largest Census Metropolitan Areas. Cities with over 100,000 people – Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver 39. Give an example of each type of land use that would be found near PJCVS. Recreational Mohawk Park Institutional PJCVS Industrial Dura, Sunoco Residential houses on Lynnwood Ave. and apartments Commercial stores and restaurants – Mohawk Plaza Agricultural corn field behind PJ Hazard Land Grand River floodplain Open Space gardens on Lynnwood Ave.
15. Human Environment Interactions 40. Match the economic sectors with the examples given. P= Primary (4% of jobs) S= Secondary (21%) T=Tertiary and Q= Quaternary (75%) _P_ Logger _S__ Construction _Q_ Nuclear Medicine _S__ Public Utilities _T__ Hairdresser _P__ Farmer _S__ Auto manufacturing _P_ Miner _T__ Firefighting _T__ Lawyer _Q__ Computer Programmer _T__ Drive-Thru Attendant _P_ Fisherman _T__ Truck Driver
16. 41. Define Natural Resource Something that we get from the environment that we find useful 42. Define Renewable resource A natural resource that can be replaced, regrown or replenished – water, trees, animals, fish 43. Nonrenewable resource. A natural resource that once used, cannot be replaced – minerals, oil, coal, natural gas
17. 44. What is an ecological footprint? What is Canada’s average ecological footprint? A measure of the amount of productive land needed to support our lifestyle. Canada's is 8.56 hectares per person 45. Give five ways that you could reduce your ecological footprint. Recycle, turn off lights, ride a bike, eat locally grown food, turn off electronics when not in use, unplug chargers, take shorter showers, turn down the heat, drive a hybrid vehicle
18. Forestry 46. Complete the chart.
19. 47. Give three specific examples to explain why forestry is important to Canada’s economy. Direct employees = 257500 Indirect employees = 772500 $59 billion in total sales, $48 billion in exports 48. Give three specific examples to explain why forests are important to our environment. Produce oxygen, provide habitat, reduce flooding and soil erosion 49. What is the difference between clear cut logging and selective logging? Clearcutting – ALL trees are cut down Selective cutting – only certain trees are cut down
20. Energy 50. How does Canada rank in terms of energy use per person? Give 5 reasons why we use so much. We rank 2nd in per capita (per person) use. 1. We use a lot for home heating. 2. We use a lot for transportation. 3. We use a lot for industries. 4. We like to have lots of electronic appliances. 5. Energy is cheap and we tend to waste it. 51. Review your conventional energy chart. 52. Review your alternative energy chart. 53.List 5 ways that you could use less energy. Shorter showers, turn off lights, unplug chargers, walk to school, recycle more, watch less TV, ride a bike, turn down thermostat at home
21. Global Warming 54. What is the green house effect? It is the ability of the atmosphere to trap heat – greenhouse gases trap heat energy in the atmosphere causing the temperature to go up 55. What gases cause the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere? Burning fossil fuels adds Carbon dioxide and decomposing garbage adds methane 56. List 6 ways that climate change can affect Canadians. Longer growing season Tree line moves farther north Shorter, less severe winters Lost tourism in winter Increased tourism in summer Coastal flooding Melting of glaciers More severe storms
22. a) Appalachian Mountains b) Canadian Shield c) Interior Plains
23. a) Appalachian Mountains b) Western Cordillera c) Canadian Shield
24. a) Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands b) Innuitian Mountains c) Appalachian Mountains
25. a) Hudson Bay and Arctic Lowlands b) Western Cordillera c) Interior Plains
26. a) Interior Plains b) Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands c) Hudson Bay and Arctic Lowlands
27. a) Interior Plains b) Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands c) Hudson Bay and Arctic Lowlands
28. a) Interior Plains b) Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands c) Hudson Bay and Arctic Lowlands