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Explain why Spain ceded Florida to the United States.

Explore the reasons behind Spain ceding Florida to the United States, the independence movements in Spanish territories, the issuing of the Monroe Doctrine, and the self-governance of Canada. Learn about key figures such as Miguel Hidalgo, Simón Bolívar, James Monroe, and John Quincy Adams, and understand concepts like cession, self-government, and interstate commerce. Test your knowledge with insightful reflection questions and gain a comprehensive understanding of the significant events that shaped the Americas.

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Explain why Spain ceded Florida to the United States.

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  1. Objectives • Explain why Spain ceded Florida to the United States. • Describe how Spanish territories in the Americas gained independence. • Explain why the Monroe Doctrine was issued. • Discuss how Canada became self-governing.

  2. Terms and People • cede – to give up • Miguel Hidalgo – priest who organized an army of Native Americans that freed several Mexican provinces • Simón Bolívar – leader in South America’s struggle for independence from Spain • James Monroe – President of the United States from 1816 to 1824

  3. Terms and People (continued) • John Quincy Adams – Secretary of State under President Monroe • self-government – the right of people to rule themselves independently

  4. Set Questions: Think back from Section 1 (pages 340-344) to answer the following questions. What was the time period after the War of 1812 in American politics called? Who became President during this time period? What is interstate commerce? Name two countries today that practice some form of capitalism. Look at the map on page 341, how was the nation divided politically?

  5. How did U.S. foreign affairs reflect a new national confidence? When members of Spanish and English colonies began to rebel, European countries ultimately failed to regain their power in the region. President James Monroe stated that the United States firmly opposed European influence in the Americas.

  6. In the early 1800s, Spaincontrolled a vast amount of territory in the Americas. However, Spain’s control in Florida was weak.

  7. Fugitive slaves could easily cross from southern plantations into Florida and join the Seminole Nation. Southern plantations Fugitive slaves Together, they would often raid American settlements. Florida Seminoles

  8. In 1817, the U.S. sent Andrew Jackson to recapture slaves that had escaped to Florida. Jackson went beyond his orders and seized two Spanish towns. Adams-Onís Treaty (1819) Spain ceded Florida to the United States. Spain could not protect Florida, so it decided to give up the territory.

  9. Latin American Revolutions Spain’s colonies in Latin America wanted independence. They were inspired by the revolutions in America and France.

  10. Mexico led the way in 1810. Father Miguel Hidalgo organized an army that freed several provinces. Another revolution broke out in 1820. Spain could not end the fighting. Mexico became an independent monarchy in 1821, and by 1823 it became a federal republic.

  11. In South America, Simón Bolívar led several independence movements. In 1819, he defeated the Spanish in Columbia. Today, this region includes: Venezuela Columbia Ecuador Panama He became president of the Republic of Great Columbia.

  12. Other colonies followed. By 1825, most parts of Latin America had thrown off European rule. This led to the creation of many new Latin American countries.

  13. The future of these new countries was soon clouded. France, Russia, and others indicated they might help Spain regain its colonies. The United States wanted to protect trade with Latin America.

  14. Britain agreed with the U.S. and wanted to issue a joint statement. President James Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams did not want the U.S. to look like Britain’s junior partner. President Monroe decided to issue a statement. President James Monroe

  15. In 1823, Monroe stated the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine The U.S. would not allow European nations to create American colonies or interfere with Latin American nations.

  16. At first, the United States relied on Britain’s navy to enforce the Monroe Doctrine. As U.S. power grew, the Monroe Doctrine boosted U.S. influence in Latin America. Americans were relieved that their southern borders were secure from European powers.

  17. Canada was also a British colony. In 1791, it was divided into two parts. In 1837, both parts rebelled against British rule. Upper Canada Canada Britain ended the rebellions and unified the two parts in 1841. Lower Canada Canadians also received more powers of self-government.

  18. Tension between the U.S. and Canada was high after the War of 1812. The U.S. and Britain settled border disputes with Canada from 1818 to 1846. Eventually, the U.S. and Canada established excellent relations. Their relations remain strong to this day.

  19. Closing Questions: What European empire was losing large amounts of land during this time period? What did that country cede to the United States? When does Mexico become independent? Who is the President that issued the Monroe Doctrine? What is the Monroe Doctrine? How are U.S.-Canadian diplomatic relations today?

  20. Section Review QuickTake Quiz Know It, Show It Quiz

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