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GHG Emissions

From Mitigation to NAMAs: An Introduction to the Evolution of NAMAs benoit.lebot@undp.org UNDP NAMA Webinar Boots on the Ground & Low-Emission Capacity Building Programme 28 August 2012. GHG Emissions. 2012 394 ppm http://co2now.org/. 450 ppm ~+2°C. GHG Concentration.

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GHG Emissions

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  1. From Mitigation to NAMAs: An Introduction to the Evolution of NAMAsbenoit.lebot@undp.orgUNDP NAMA WebinarBoots on the Ground & Low-Emission Capacity Building Programme28 August 2012

  2. GHG Emissions 2012 394 ppm http://co2now.org/ 450 ppm ~+2°C GHG Concentration GHG Sinks (Sequestration)

  3. Pathway towards a 2°C Global Warming • UNDP HDR Objective for 2050: • In the north, - 80% in emissions CO2/Cap/year North 16.1 tCO2eq/Cap • In the south, - 20% in emissions 2050 Target 50% Global Emissions Today World Average South 4.2 tCO2eq/Cap 2020 2050 2007

  4. All sectors & regions have the potential to contribute Note: estimates don’t include non-technical options such as lifestyle changes

  5. IEA 2050 Energy GHG Global Forecast

  6. Some Mitigation Options Come at Negative Cost to Society Cost of Abatement $ / tCO2e/yr 6O 4O 2O O Reduction in GHG GtCO2e per year -2O -4O -6O

  7. Policies & barriers removal Standard Incentives More innovative (Carbon?) finance Research, development , demonstration GEF, ODA FiTs, taxes, loans, CDM PoAs, sectoral crediting Technology transfer

  8. NAMA: emerged in UNFCCC negotiations • Bali Action Plan, 2007 “Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner”. • Cancun Agreements, 2010 Agrees that developing country Parties will take nationally appropriate mitigation actions in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building, aimed at achieving a deviation in emissions relative to ‘business as usual’ emissions in 2020;

  9. Ingredients of a low carbon pathway Framework Incentives Governance LEDS Financing Public or private funds in the form of bonds, capital, tax credit… Centralized International or multilateral Monitoring committe Transverse Policies Trading System Distribution of exchangeable allowances Sectoral Policies Decentralized Bilateral National Programme Credit Credit issuance after emissions reductions Project

  10. NAMAs: a new concept that continues to evolve • NAMAs are actions that reduce GHGs or enhance sink. NAMAs are presumed to be: • voluntary • country driven • compatible with sustainable development • Conceptually, NAMAs are no different to existing mitigation efforts • What is new about NAMAs is the UNFCCC context & the need to Monitor, Report & Verify the identified NAMAs

  11. The multiple faces of NAMAs • Unilateral or Autonomous NAMAs: Actions taken voluntarily & unilaterally without external support • Supported NAMAs: Actions Conditioned on financial & technology support from developed countries

  12. Monitoring Reporting & Verification • Why MRV? • ensure transparency & accountability of impact of support received • track & report impact of NAMA on GHG emissions, sustainable development, poverty reduction, co-benefits, etc • help monitor global effort to combat future climate change • How? • NAMAs will be recorded in both national & international registry systems (UNFCCC just launched prototype registry) • For supported NAMAs, countries to report progress through National Communications every four years and/or Biennial Update Reports (BURs) every two years • BURs will be subject to International Consultation and Analysis. Outcome will not be punitive.

  13. Key differences between NAMAs & CDM • The concept of a NAMA is different to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in a number of important ways: • NAMAs more suited to implementation of policies, strategies, and programmes, whereas the CDM is implemented at the project level •  NAMAs are most likely to be driven by national governments, and may be undertaken in partnership with the private sector, whereas CDM projects are typically driven by firms involved directly in the carbon markets • Supported NAMAs do not (at present) have any specific additionality rules, whereas the CDM has strict rules for testing each project for additionality

  14. Key differences between NAMAs & CDM (cont.) •  CDM projects generally have quite stringent MRV requirements that require demonstration of emissions reductions, whereas NAMA MRV requirements could vary significantly depending on the nature of the activity and the financing approach • Programmatic CDM (PoAs) is closer to the NAMAin concept, and indeed could provide a starting point for conceptualizing a NAMA

  15. Why undertake NAMAs? • NAMAs: • contribute to national sustainable economic & human development goals & poverty reduction efforts • can be used to access the Green Climate Fund and other financial sources (domestic, bilateral, private) • attract foreign direct investment into key sectors • provide incentives for home-grown technology innovation, deployment & transfer • promote local economic development, contribute to energy security, & enhance industrial efficiency

  16. A

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