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Refining the structure

Refining the structure. The Informative Speech. An informative speech should have 3 parts. Introduction Body Conclusion We will discuss the three parts of an informative speech, calling attention to specific elements that can enhance the effectiveness of your speech.

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Refining the structure

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  1. Refining the structure The Informative Speech

  2. An informative speech should have 3 parts. • Introduction • Body • Conclusion • We will discuss the three parts of an informative speech, calling attention to specific elements that can enhance the effectiveness of your speech.

  3. The intro… not just one sentence… • The introduction sets the tone of the entire speech • The introduction should be brief and to-the-point as it accomplishes its important tasks. • Typically, there are six main components of an effective introduction

  4. The “Attention-Getter” • Your audience make decision about you and your topic in the first 10 seconds of a speech • You have to grab their attention quickly. • You have to incite curiosity and interest • Try these ideas: • A short story or description • A rhetorical question • An intriguing quotation • Unusual statement • A shocking statistic • Humor

  5. Thesis Statement • In an informative speech, your thesis cannot be persuasive or biased. • It should be conversational but direct. • “Today I will explain the how nuclear energy works.”

  6. Audience Adaptation • You need to tell your audience directly how this topic is important to them. • Consider who your audience will be and how/why they should be interested in this topic. • This requires you to keep your audience in mind as you write your speech.

  7. Establish credibility • Why? • Aristotle said that credibility, or ethos, consists of good sense, goodwill, and good moral character. Create the feeling that you possess these qualities by creatively stating that you are well-educated about the topic (good sense), that you want to help each member of the audience (goodwill), and that you are a decent person who can be trusted (good moral character). Once you establish your credibility, the audience is more likely to listen to you as something of an expert and to consider what you say to be the truth.

  8. How? • Quote a reliable source. • Provide a statistic or fact that shows you are familiar with the topic.

  9. Preview your main points • The purpose of this preview is to let the audience members prepare themselves for the flow of the speech. • You should word the preview clearly and concisely. • Attempt to use parallel structure for each part of the preview and avoid delving into the main point; simply tell the audience what the main point will be about in general.

  10. Transition smoothly into the body • OK… My informative speech topic is about the increasing crime rate in the city.

  11. My attention getter. • Imagine a chilly dark night in November. You’re walking home form your friend’s house, when suddenly, a group of young women emerge from behind a garage and beat you to the ground. You scream for help. You see lights on in the house next door, but nobody comes out to help you.

  12. My thesis: • Crime is increasing in Rochester, and there are three specific reasons why.

  13. Audience Adaptation • The people most affected by crime are young adults.

  14. Establish Credibility • According to statistics filed by the Rochester Police Department, gun shot wounds are the number one cause of death amongst males aged 14-22.

  15. Preview points.. • Crime analysts and social experts have found that poverty leads to crime, a low police presence leads to more crime and high unemployment rates cause more crime.

  16. Now I have to combine all of these parts into a cohesive intro… • Imagine a chilly dark night in November. You’re walking home form your friend’s house, when suddenly, a group of young women emerge from behind a garage and beat you to the ground. You scream for help. You see lights on in the house next door, but nobody comes out to help you. Whether you live in the city or not, this victim could be you. The people most affected by crime are young adults. In fact, according to statistics filed by the Rochester Police Department, gun shot wounds are the number one cause of death amongst males aged 14-22.

  17. Crime analysts and social experts have found that poverty leads to crime, a low police presence leads to more crime and high unemployment rates cause even more crime. Today I will explain to you why experts believe crime is increasing in Rochester.

  18. The Body! • Main Ideas: • Once you settle on a topic, you should decide which aspects of that topic are of greatest importance for your speech. • These aspects become your main points. • Most students go with three main points. • You must have at least two main points;.

  19. Connectives and Transitions • Within the body of your speech, you need clear internal structure. • Think of connectives as hooks and ladders for the audience to use when moving from point-to-point within the body of your speech. • These devices help re-focus the minds of audience members and remind them of which main point your information is supporting. The four main types of connective devices are:

  20. Four types of Connectives: • Transitions • Internal Previews • Internal Summaries • Signposts

  21. Transitions are: • Brief statements that tell the audience to shift gears between ideas. • Transitions serve as the glue that holds the speech together and allow the audience to predict where the next portion of the speech will go. • For example, once you have previewed your main points and you want to move from the introduction to the body of your speech, you want a nice transition.

  22. Internal Previews • Internal previews are used to preview the parts of a main point. • Internal previews are more focused than, but serve the same purpose as, the preview you will use in the introduction of the speech. • Specific and insightful topic sentences serve as internal previews of what the paragraph will be about.

  23. Internal Summaries • Internal summaries are the reverse of internal previews. • Internal summaries restate specific parts of a main point. • To internally summarize the main point dealing with poverty causing crime, you might say: "You now know that poverty creates desperate situations that drive people to commit crimes." • When using both internal previews and internal summaries, be sure to stylize the language in each so you do not become redundant.

  24. Signposts • Signposts are brief statements that remind the audience where you are within the speech. • If you have a long point, you may want to remind the audience of what main point you are on: "Continuing the discussion on poverty…”

  25. Your Conclusion • Should… • Re-assert/Reinforce the Thesis • Not repeat it verbatim • Review the Main Points • Enumerate your main topics • Close Effectively • Clearly indicate to the audience that the speech is coming to a close

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