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FutureGen Initiative Pathway to Near-Zero Emissions

FutureGen Initiative Pathway to Near-Zero Emissions. Federal Laboratory Consortium Mid-Atlantic Regional Meeting Rocky Gap, MD September 20, 2006. Thomas A. Sarkus, FutureGen Project Director National Energy Technology Laboratory. U.S. Affluence. UK. Qatar. Mexico. Bahrain. Peru.

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FutureGen Initiative Pathway to Near-Zero Emissions

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  1. FutureGen InitiativePathway to Near-Zero Emissions Federal Laboratory Consortium Mid-Atlantic Regional Meeting Rocky Gap, MD September 20, 2006 Thomas A. Sarkus, FutureGen Project Director National Energy Technology Laboratory

  2. U.S. Affluence UK Qatar Mexico Bahrain Peru GDP per Capita ($ / person / yr) South Africa Congo Bulgaria Eritrea Poverty Annual Energy Consumption per Capita (kgoe / person / yr) Energy = Quality of Life Poverty Reduces Global Security World Resources Institute Database, accessed June 1, 2005 http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/

  3. Coal-fired generation and GDP have grownat nearly the exact same pace over last 30 years Coal Use Linked to Economic Growth GDP Coal-Fired Generation Electricity Generation Total Energy Consumption GDP: U.S. DOC, Bureau of Economic Analysis Energy & Electricity: EIA, Annual Energy Review 2003

  4. <6.5¢ 6.6¢ - 8.9¢ >9¢ Hydro Coal Use Translates to Reliable, Affordable Electricity 9.8¢ 2% 5.8¢ 4% 5.6 94% 6.6¢ 56% 11.9¢ 11% 6.2¢ 69% 6.3¢ 1% 7.1¢ 79% 4.9¢ 0% 6.5¢ 6% 7.2¢ 56% 5.1¢ 95% 8.0¢ 54% 6.3¢ 77% 5.4¢ 66% 6.8¢ 86% 8.3¢ 53% 5.7¢ 94% 6.6¢ 44% 5.2¢ 98% 5.7¢ 95% 6.5¢ 46% 7.3¢ 74% 10.6¢ 1% 6.3¢ 84% 5.7¢ 83% 7.1¢ 57% 4.6¢ 90% 6.1¢ 68% 6¢ 55% 6.4¢ 47% NH 12.1¢ 9% RI 11.1¢ 0% CT 11.6¢ 12% NJ 9.8¢ 14% MA 11.6¢ 25% VT 11.1¢ 0% DE 7.0¢ 74% MD 7.2¢ 51% 5.7¢ 45% 7.5¢ 41% 7.2¢ 88% 6.9¢ 68% 5.9¢ 56% 7.0¢ 37% ¢ = Average Retail Price Per Kilowatt Hour % = Percent of Total Generation From Coal 8.1¢ 39% 7.1¢ 22% 8.6¢ 29% 11.3¢ 10% 16.7¢ 15% DOE/EIA Table 5.6B, 2005 data, average retail price of electricity Tables 1.6.A and 1.7.A, percent of total generation from coal Updated August 2006

  5. Air Emission Trends and ProjectionsAnnual U.S. Air Emissions and Coal Use Coal Use Coal Use, NOx and SO2 Emissions (Index: 1970 = 1) Mercury Emissions (tons) Mercury NOx SO2 Historical data (1970–2000): Coal consumption and electricity generation per DOE EIA, AER 2003 NOx and SO2 per EPA Air Trends Report: http://www.epa.gov/air/airtrenda/econ-emissions.html Projected data (2003–2020): Coal consumption and electricity generation per DOE EIA, AEO 2005 NOx and SO2 per EPA projections under CAIR: http://www.epa.gov/interstateairquality/charts.html Mercury per EPA Clean Air Mercury Rule

  6. Evolution of Coal-Fired Power Plants

  7. FutureGen Objectives World’s first near zero-emission, coal-based power plant to: • Pioneer advanced hydrogen production from coal • Emit virtually no air pollutants • Capture and permanently sequester carbon dioxide • Integrate operations at full-scale – a key step to proving feasibility

  8. Geological Sequestration FutureGen Concept CO2

  9. FutureGen Will Build Upon Experience from Commercial-Scale Coal-Based IGCC Power Plants Wabash River • W. Terre Haute, IN • Operations began 11/95 • 1996 Powerplant Award • 296 MWe (gross); 262 MWe (net) Tampa Electric • Mulberry, FL • Operations began 9/96 • 1997 Powerplant Award • 315 MWe (gross); 250 MWe (net)

  10. FutureGen Will Build on Two Non-Integrated One Million TPY CO2 Sequestration Projects Weyburn CO2 EOR Project • Pan Canadian Resources • 200-mile CO2 pipeline from Dakota Gasification Plant • Enhanced Oil Recovery in Canada over 20 years Sleipner North Sea Project • Statoil • CO2 sequestered (1996-2000) • Currently monitoring CO2 migration • Separates CO2 from natural gas • $36–50 / tonne CO2 tax

  11. Geologic Carbon Sequestration • Thousands of Years of Storage Capacity • Coal Seams and Shales: ~ 18 GT • Oil and Gas Reservoirs: ~27 GT • Saline Formations: ~6,700 GT • Value Added Products in Potential Sinks • Oil: 16 billion barrels of oil during sequestration in favorable fields • Coal Seams: 126 TCF CBM during sequestration in unmineable coal seams • Carbon Sequestration Atlas for the U.S. • NATCARB & Regional Atlases Available Online • www.natcarb.org

  12. Cutting-Edge Candidate R&D Technologies for FutureGen Traditional Technology Research Invention Examples Commercial Gasifier       Advanced Transport Reactor Cryogenic Air Separation      O2 Membranes Gas Stream Clean-Up      Raw Gas Shift Reactor Amine Scrubbers        H2 Membranes, “Clathrate” CO2 Syngas Turbine        Ultra-Low NOx Hydrogen Turbine Fuel Cell ($4,000/kW)       SECA Fuel Cell ($400/kW Design) EOR Based         Sequestration Technology Plant Controls        “Smart” Dynamic Plant Controls & CO2 Management Systems System Integration       “First of a Kind” System Integration

  13. American Electric Power AngloAmerican BHP Billiton China Huaneng Group CONSOL Energy Foundation Coal Peabody Energy PPL Rio Tinto Energy America Southern Company FutureGen Industrial Alliance, Inc.Signed Cooperative Agreement with DOE on Dec. 2, 2005

  14. BP- 4 BP- 5 BP- 0 BP- 1 BP- 2 BP- 3 FutureGen Project Schedule Siting, NEPA, and Permitting Project Structuring & Conceptual Design Final Design Facilities Construction Preliminary Design Plant Start-Up & Shakedown Phase 2 Cooperative Agreement Negotiations Initial Full Scale Plant Operations Full Scale Plant Operation Continues NEPA ROD July 2007 Site Monitoring Limited Cooperative Agreement Awarded Full Scope Cooperative Agreement Awarded Final Site Selection Long Lead Time Orders September, 2007 Construction Start July 2009 Operations Start July 2012 Jan 31, 2007 July 2016 July 2018 January 2008 Dec. 2, 2005

  15. FutureGen Funds / Estimated Costs DOE Industry International 620 250 80

  16. FutureGen Status • Industry-led cooperative project with government oversight & international participation • Industry will choose project site, backbone technologies, etc. • DOE has invited other nations to join FutureGen • Gov’ts of India & South Korea have each pledged $10 Million Tuscola Mattoon Illinois Odessa Brazos Texas

  17. Forum for planning international multi-lateral sequestration projects including FutureGen Ministerial-level representatives Charter for R&D cooperation signed June 25, 2003 Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, European Commission, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, United Kingdom & United States Benefits of international Involvement in Future Gen Enrich intellectual talent pool Maximize global applicability and acceptance Leverage funds Help build consensus on climate change Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

  18. Questions/Discussion

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