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Westward Migration and its Implications, 1815-1830

Westward Migration and its Implications, 1815-1830. Libertyville HS. New States. Three states entered union, 1791-1800 Two states entered union, 1801-1814 Six states entered union, 1815-1830 1790 US Population 3,893,635 (see 1790 census ) 1830 US population

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Westward Migration and its Implications, 1815-1830

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  1. Westward Migration andits Implications, 1815-1830 Libertyville HS

  2. New States • Three states entered union, 1791-1800 • Two states entered union, 1801-1814 • Six states entered union, 1815-1830 • 1790 US Population • 3,893,635 (see 1790 census) • 1830 US population • 12,858,670 (see 1830 census pg 46)

  3. Frontier Cycle • Who came West? • Fur traders (trade ended by 1850) • Ranchers (esp. in TX, in 1840s) • Pioneer farmers (1830s) • Miners (after 1840s) Established routes used by settlers

  4. Indian-American Relations: Fallen Timbers • Federal government, NOT states, set policy • Precedent: Proclamation line of 1763 • Battle of Fallen Timbers (OH), 1794 • Struggle for control of NW Territory • Battle: • Prep. of Gen. Wayne (Legion) • British closed gates on NA • Led to Treaty of Greenville (1795) – NA gave up OH

  5. Indian-American Relations: Tecumseh’s War • Battle of Tippecanoe Creek (IN, 1811) • Tecumseh (Shawnee) – resisted US expansion • The Prophet (T’s brother): reject American ways! • Governor (and general) William Harrison – grabbing land for US settlers from NA • Alarmed, T sought Indian Confederation in S (FL) • Harrison attacked “Prophetown” b/c of NA attacks (P-town at T-canoe) • Battle of the Thames (Canada, 1813 – part of War of 1812) • Tecumseh killed • Confederacy fell apart

  6. Indian-American Relations: Southern America • Battle of Horseshoe Bend (AL, 1814) • Creek Indians (“Red Sticks”) vs. US, led by General Andrew Jackson • President Jackson had strong feelings against native Americans • Indian Removal Act of 1830 & Cherokee “The Trail of Tears”

  7. Indian-American Relations John Ross, elected Chief of Cherokee Nation • The Cherokee Struggle • Five nations were “civilized” (Americanized) tribes – didn’t matter • Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) • GA passed laws essentially stripping Cherokees of their rights under state law, seized their land • USSC: no jurisdiction b/c Cherokee were not independent nations but “domestic dependent nations” • Worchester v. State of GA (1832) • Worchester an American missionary • USSC: States had no power over Indian tribes • Jackson: “Marshall has made his decision: now let him enforce it!” • State removal efforts continued • Cherokees removed from land to OK, 1838

  8. Indian-American Relations • Black Hawk War (IL, 1832) • Indians forced west, across Mississippi • Some, under Black Hawk, returned to traditional homes in IL • Militia, US army turned out, hunted them down with “climatic” fight at Bad Axe

  9. Indian-American Relations • Second Seminole War (FL, 1835-42) • Most expensive Indian war • Longest conflict, from Revolution to Vietnam • Issue: Removal • Most Seminoles fought removal from res to OK • Disappeared into FL swamps to fight guerrilla war • Eventually, remaining Seminoles settled in res in S. FL 1823 reservation 1842 Reservation

  10. Legacy of Indian-American Relations Displacement Removal Exclusion from American Democracy

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