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Westward Migration and Indian Wars

Westward Migration and Indian Wars. Review. 1830s Indian Removal Act- legal to remove Indians from their land Worcester v. Georgia (1832) US Supreme Court says Indians have a right to the land Trail of Tears

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Westward Migration and Indian Wars

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  1. Westward Migration and Indian Wars

  2. Review • 1830s • Indian Removal Act- legal to remove Indians from their land • Worcester v. Georgia (1832) • US Supreme Court says Indians have a right to the land • Trail of Tears • Pres. Andrew Jackson will ignore the court case and forcefully remove Indians onto reservations in Oklahoma

  3. Life of the Plains Indians • Introduction of Horse • Introduced by Spanish • Change life of Plains Indians • Greater movement- follow Buffalo herds • Create war among tribes • Buffalo • Indians are nomadic- follow Buffalo herds • Rely on Buffalo for everything • Food, clothing, shelter, tools, weapons

  4. Destruction of Buffalo • Westward migration will lead to destruction of Buffalo • Railroad tracks will replace grazing land • Settlers will hunt Buffalo for sport • Lead to ultimate destruction of Indian tribes • Be forced to adapt to new way of life

  5. Indian Wars • Sand Creek Massacre (1864) • US army (led by Gen. Chivington) attacked and massacred Indians in Colorado • About 70-150 Indians killed, mainly women and children • “I saw the bodies of those lying there cut all to pieces, worse mutilated than any I ever saw before; the women cut all to pieces ... With knives; scalped; their brains knocked out; children two or three months old; all ages lying there, from sucking infants up to warriors ... By whom were they mutilated? By the United States troops ...” quote by John Smith • Fingers and ears were cut off the bodies for the jewelry they carried. The body of White Antelope, lying solitarily in the creek bed, was a prime target. Besides scalping him the soldiers cut off his nose, ears, and testicles-the last for a tobacco pouch ... Quote by Stan Hoig

  6. Battle of Little Bighorn • Most famous Battle- June 25, 1876 • Fought in Montana • Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse • Combined group of Cheyenne and Sioux Indians • US Army 7th Cavalry- led by General George Custer • Custer and his men will be defeated and completely wiped out by Indians

  7. Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Gen. Custer

  8. Other Battles • Nez Perce Wars • Chief Joseph in the 1870s • Geronimo and Apaches • Mid and late 1880s

  9. End of Indian Wars • Battle of Wounded Knee • Fought December 29, 1890 • South Dakota • Sioux warriors, women and children slaughtered • Signal end of wars with Plains Indians • Most will be moved to reservations

  10. Other Events with Indian Wars • Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) • First formed in 1820s • Became BIA in 1840s • Be involved in many events to assimilate Indians • Sending children to boarding schools to learn English and culture • Century of Dishonor • Written by Helen Hunt Jackson in 1881 • Book will discuss the injustices of the US government toward Indians (show that the US govt. often broke treaties made with Indians)

  11. Dawes Act • Passed by Congress in 1887 • Goal- assimilate Indians into American society • Assimilate means to change (in this case under force) the culture of someone or a group • Ways Dawes Act will assimilate • Force Indians to become farmers • Force children to learn English and attend boarding schools • Indians will start to attend Protestant faiths and forget their tribal languages and religions

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