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This workshop explores the establishment and review of bathing water profiles in Flanders, including the identification of pollution sources, assessment of potential algae proliferation, and management measures.
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Bathing water profiles in Flanders: examples for coastal and inland waters Workshop on Bathing Water Profiles 27-28/06/07 Flemish Environment Agency
Legislation: 2006/7/EG • Art. 6: • Bathing water profiles: • for 1 single bathing water or more than 1 contiguous bathing waters • Established first time by 24/03/2011 • Reviews and updates (annex III) => use data obtained from monitoring and assessments pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC 2
Legislation: annex III • Annex III DR 2006/7/EC Bathing water profiles: • Description of physical, geographical and hydrological characteristics • Location of the monitoring point • Description of other surface waters in the cathment area that could be source of pollution • Identification and assessment of causes of pollution • Assessment of the potential for proliferation of cyanobacteria • Assessment of the potential for proliferation of macro-algae and/or phytoplankton 3
Legislation: 2006/7/EG • Annex III • In case of risk of short term pollution: • Nature, frequency and duration of the expected pollution • Management measures taken during s.t. pollution + identity and contact details of bodies responsible for actions • For remaining causes of pollution: • Management measures • Time schedule for elimination 4
Legislation 2007/6/EG • Annex III: review and minupdate frequency: based on classification of waterbodies • EXCELLENT: only review if classification changes • GOOD: every 4 years • ACCEPTABLE: every 2 years • POOR: every year • In case of construction works or significant changes in infrastructure: before next season 5
Bathing water profiles in coastal waters • General information concerning coastline Flanders • General approach • Difficulties • Example: zone 290: Harendijk, De Haan 6
Bathing water profiles for coastal waters in Flanders 66 kilometres 40 bathing zones (EUreport) 7
4 ports 8
General information for bathing water profiles in coastal waters in Flanders • 4 ports: Nieuwpoort (IJzer), Oostende (Kan Gent-Oostende), Blankenberge (Blankenbergse Vaart), Zeebrugge (Leopold- en Schipdonkkanaal) • For chemical substances (e.g. PCB’s, heavy metals,…): main sources of pollution = Rijn, Maas, Schelde • For bacteriological pollution: shorter life expectancy, source of pollution is closer by (comes from inland rivers and canals): sewage overflows, illegal disposals,… • Sources/locations of pollution: • Only at the ports (rivers and canals) • No direct effluents into the North Sea • Local pollution by man and animals => Clustering of waterbodies? 9
General approach for coastal bathing water profiles: 8 steps • 1. data of establishing BWP • 2. description • Community; map; physical, geographical and hydrological description; location of sampling point(s) (X-Y coordinates), … • 3. sources of pollution incl. physical-chemical water quality: available data • 4. available data on risk of proliferation cyanobacteria • 5. available data on risk of proliferation macro-algae and phytoplankton • 6. short term pollutions • management measures + timing • 7. most recent bacteriological assessment => actualisation period • 8. other relevant information. 10
Harendijk: General information • Date of establishing BWP: 05/2006 • Geographical description: • Bathing zone at the North-Sea • Municipality: De Haan • West of the port of Blankenberge • Length of the bathing water zone: 200 m • Sampling point: X-Y coord: X: 61769, Y: 223155 • Wind direction: mainly south-west • Depth of the bathing zone:? 11
Map: Location of monitoring point (near port of Blankenberge) 290 12
Example bathing water profile in coastal waters • 290: Harendijk, Wenduine 14
Harendijk: Sources of pollution< 2 kms along the coastline • Main source of pollution: port of Blankenberge + Spuikom • Camping sites • Sources of pollution (community of Blankenberge): • Sewage overflow Waterkasteelstraat in Spuikom • sewage overflow Scharrebrugstraat in polder flow • Sources of pollution: sewage overflows (community of De Haan): • sewage overflow Vossenslag in polder flow • sewage overflow Grotestraat in polder flow • sewage overflow Driftweg in polder flow • sewage overflow Manitobalaan in Bommelzwin • sewage overflow Neptunuslaan in Kerkvliet • sewage overflow Wulpjesweg in Wulpje/ Blankenbergse Vaart 15
Harendijk: Sources of pollution> 2 kms along the coastline • Polder area • stagnating water, no flow • by heavy rainfall: discharges of overflow systems can cause severe pollution • Community of Vlissegem (300 IE) • Untreated domestic dicharges in surface water • Parasite flows in sewage systems 16
Harendijk: short term pollutions: period 2003-2006 • Fstrep = intestinal enterococs • Fcoli = E.coli exceedings according to Directive of 1976 17
Harendijk: management measures + timing • Short term solution => timing? • Higher sewage overflow thresholds (partly carried out) • Yearly cleaning of sewage systems => no sinc/sediment of polluting substances and no discharge in case of heavy rains by sewage overflow • Individual domestic waste water treatment • Sanitation of camping sites • Long term solution => timing? • Connecting all houses to the sewage systems • Building sewage systems with seperate discharge of rain water and effluent of domestic and industrial waste water • => no more sewage overflow 18
Harendijk: bathing water profile • Risk of proliferation of cyanobacteria: • No data available • Risk of proliferation of macro-algae/ phytoplankton • no data available (only indication of scum layer during sampling) 19
Other relevant information • Duration of the bathing season • Contact persons: • VMM • Responsable persons of municipality • Responsable persons of health care • … • Internet adresses 20
Assessment • Most recent bacteriological assessments: • 2000-2003: poor bathing water quality • 2001-2004: poor bathing water quality • 2002-2005: poor bathing water quality • 2003-2006: poor bathing water quality • => actualisation every 2 years • (zone 295: also poor quality) 21
General difficulties and obscurities • Very little available historical data on cyanobacteriaand macro-algae (only by coincidence, e.g. in case of studies of nutrients in lakes by university, government,…) • Guidelines for monitoring risk of proliferation: • Chlorophyl a, microcystine-concentration, RNA-analysis…? • Relevancy of data on wind velocity and wind direction + influence on bacteriological quality • Influence of the tidal movements? 22
Bathing water profiles in inland waters • General approach • Difficulties • Example: Gent, Blaarmeersen, 570150 23
Bathing water profiles in inland waters: general approach (1): 8 steps • 1. date of establishing BWP • 2. description • Community; map; physical, geographical and hydrological description; location of sampling point(s) (X-Y coordinates), … • 3. sources of pollution incl. physical-chemical water quality: available data • 4. available data on risk of proliferation cyanobacteria • 5. available data on risk of proliferation macro-algae and phytoplankton • 6. short term pollutions • * management measures + timing • 7. most recent bacteriological assessment => actualisation period • 8. other relevant information. 24
Blaarmeersen • Date of establishing BWP: 05/2006 • Geographical description: • Inland zone • Municiapality: Ghent • Surface: 20 ha • Hydrographical description: • VMMNR 570150 • Sampling point:X-Y coördinates: (X: 102192, Y: 192835) • Depth bathing zone: 2 m • Opened to public since 1982: pond + yacht port • Wind direction: south/south-west • Bottom: ? • Only fed by ground water and rain 25
Map: Location of monitoring point 570150 30
Blaarmeersen • Potential sources of pollution: • Amount of visitors • Natural pollution by leaf fall • Water birds - feeding of water birds by man • Fishing • Kayaks and canoes • Irresponsible restocking of fish • Atmospherical deposition • Disturbance of slugde layer by divers • Cafetaria/ restaurant/ camping? 31
Blaarmeersen: comparison of data (background information) 32
Blaarmeersen Physical-chemical water quality 33
Blaarmeersen • Physical chemical water quality: • Nutrients: MESOTROPHIC condition • N (average total concentration): 785 µg/l • P (average total concentration): 41 µg/l • Proliferation of cyanobacteria: • Aug 2003: 40% of phytoplancton-biomass • Nov 2003: 60% of phytoplancton-biomass • No scum layers • Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Limnothrix 34
Blaarmeersen • Management measures: • Prevent erosion • Eliminate Atlantic Canada Geese • No feeding of the birds • Investigate possible effluents of camping sites, restaurants, cafetaria,… • No short term pollution during period 2003-2006 according to Dir of 1976 35
Blaarmeersen • Proliferation of macro-algae/ Phytoplankton: • Spring 2003: bloom of Stephanodiscus, Cryptomonas, Rhodomonas • Late spring 2003: Cryptomonas, Ceratium, Dinobryon • Summer/ fall 2003: Mougeotia 36
Blaarmeersen, bathing water profile: assessment • Most recent bacteriological assessments: • 2000-2003: excellent bathing water quality • 2001-2004: excellent bathing water quality • 2002-2005: excellent bathing water quality • 2003-2006: excellent bathing water quality • => no actualisation necessary 37
Other information • Duration of the bathing season • Accomodation (sport and recreation facilities, campings, sanity units, …) • maps of sewage systems • Contact persons: • VMM • Responsable persons of municipality • Responsable persons of health care • … • Internet adresses 38
Example bathing water profile for inland waters • Blaarmeersen, Ghent: • A lot of background information available from University of Ghent • Data from 1982 and recent years (2003- B-Blooms) (2-weekly or monthly sampling): • Phytoplankton composition • Nutrients (N and P) • Field measurements of pH, oxygen, electric conductivity… 39
Bathing water profiles for inland waters: difficulties • Very little available data on cyanobacteria and macro-algae (only by coincidence, e.g. in case of studies of nutrients in lakes by university, government,…) • Identification and assessment of causes of pollution: guidelines? • What is meant by ‘physical, geographical and hydrological’ characteristics’? 40
Conclusions and recommendations • Difficulty: little or no availability of data on proliferation of cyanobacteria, phytoplankton and macro-algae • General Questions (coastal + inland waters): • How to assess risk of proliferations? • What is meant by ‘physical, geographical and hydrological’ characteristics’? • Recommendation: general approach and guidelines for all member states. 41