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Neural and Hormonal Systems

Will Explain Why We FEEL……. Neural and Hormonal Systems. Nervous. Strong. Sick. Pain. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BgfKqc3qhs&list=PL2920A92123EAF834&index=83&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active. Biological Psychologists.

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Neural and Hormonal Systems

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  1. Will Explain Why We FEEL…… Neural and Hormonal Systems Nervous Strong Sick Pain

  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BgfKqc3qhs&list=PL2920A92123EAF834&index=83&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=activehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BgfKqc3qhs&list=PL2920A92123EAF834&index=83&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

  3. Biological Psychologists • Study the links between biological activity and psychological events • Study the connections between stress and disease, hunger and sex to name a few • Not a new idea- phrenology – the study of bumps on our head to determine our character and abilities WRONG!

  4. It all Starts with the Neuron

  5. Neuron Structure Neurons do NOT touch each other- the space in between is call the synapse.

  6. Types of Neurons Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Inter Neurons

  7. Sensory Neurons(Afferent Neurons) • Take information from the senses to the brain.

  8. Inter Neurons • Take messages from Sensory Neurons to other parts of the brain or to Motor Neurons. Found only in Spinal Column and brain

  9. Motor Neurons(Efferent Neurons) • Take information from brain to the rest of the body. Axons in motor neurons can be 4 feet long. Fun Fact: A giraffe has a neuron from its toe to neck is 15 feet long

  10. Neuron Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUGuWh2UeMk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR4S1BqdFG4&list=PL2920A92123EAF834

  11. How a Neuron Fires It is an electrochemical process • Electrical inside the neuron • Chemical outside the neuron (in the synapse in the form of a neurotransmitter). • The firing is call Action Potential.

  12. The All-or None Response • The idea that either the neuron fires or it does not- no part way firing. • Like a gun or a toilet flushing

  13. Steps of Action Potential • Dendrites receive neurotransmitter from another neuron across the synapse. • Reached its threshold- then fires based on the all-or-none response. • Process continues down axon to the axon terminal. • Terminal buttons turns electrical charge into chemical (neurotransmitter) and shoots message to next neuron across the synapse.

  14. How Neurons Communicate

  15. Neurotransmitters • Chemical messengers released by terminal buttons through the synapse. • NT attach to (bind) to receptors on the second cell. Depending on the site they will either excite an action potential or inhibit the action potential molds the connections that are made in our brains by outside events

  16. Acetylcholine • The best understood NT. Plays a role in learning and memory. ACh is the messenger at every junction of a motor neuron & skeletal muscle. If Ach transmission is blocked like anesthesia, muscles can’t contract • And you are paralyzed Too much and you will Not enough and you will…. Lack of ACH has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease. ACh neurons deteriorate

  17. Dopamine • Its function is motor movement and alertness. (large NT) Lack of dopamine is associated with Parkinson’s disease. Overabundance is associated with schizophrenia. Cocaine mimics dopamine

  18. Serotonin • Function deals with mood control, hunger sleep and arousal. Lack of serotonin has been linked to depression. Mimics LSD and ecstasy

  19. Endorphins • Function deals with pain control. Naturally occurring opiate We become addicted to endorphin causing feelings.

  20. Substance P • The body’s pain neurotransmitter. This NT works in opposition with endorphins to regulate pain. Substance P signals the body it is in pain and then endorphins are triggered to inhibit the pain signal

  21. Agonists and Antagonists

  22. Agonists/Antagonists • Some opiates are agonists and produce a temporary high. Agonists mimic NT • Venom from a black widow spider is an agonists for Ach floods the synapses and result is violent vomiting, convulsions or death • Antagonists bind to receptors but they block a NT functioning. Botulin from bad food can paralyze because it blocks Ach release • Note: Botox from Botulin smooth out wrinkles because it paralyzes your muscles under the skin

  23. Botox and its effects • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQIElBkgOmY

  24. Divisions of the Nervous System

  25. Sympathetic Nervous System Flight or Fight Response

  26. A Simplified Neural Network Neurons that learn to work together as a team.

  27. Did you know? • Sensory neurons connect to the spinal cord in the back? • Motor neurons connect in the front of the spinal cord • So it is possible to lose feeling in lower portions of the body in a spinal injury but retain the ability to move if the spinal cord is not completely severed

  28. A Simple Reflex

  29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrMi4GikWwQ&list=PL2920A92123EAF834&index=84http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrMi4GikWwQ&list=PL2920A92123EAF834&index=84

  30. The Endocrine System A system of glands that secrete hormones. Similar to nervous system, except hormones work a lot slower than neurotransmitters. Hormones Neurotransmitters

  31. The Major Endocrine Glands

  32. Endocrine System • Pituitary gland- the master gland • Adrenal – release epinephrine and norepinephrine ( flight or fight response) • Hormones affect heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar • Affect lingers after event • Need to create Homeostasis

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